1. Quantitative design: Ungraded review questions

2. Using a meaningful control group in research design can lead to a meaningful conclusion. This is in alignment with which criterion of good research design?
Completeness
Efficiency
Insight
All of the above

3. Dr. Noel Wisdom wants to investigate whether using online group discussion to learn statistics can improve test performance. Which of the following is the proper comparison group?
A group in which the professor gives a four-hour lecture in every lesson.
A group that has conventional group discussion in the classroom.
A group that will study the text book only
All of the these are proper.

4. Violation of ORI’s research ethics Simpson’s paradox
Take Dr. Wisdom’s research as an example again. Previous studies show that learners could not keep their attention in a four-hour lecture, and as a result this affects their learning outcomes. Wisdom insisted using this learning method in her control group. This is an example of:
Violation of ORI’s research ethics
Simpson’s paradox
Violation of Equipoise
All of the above

5. Which of the following is NOT a method to reduce noise (error variance)?
Exclude some subjects that might not be suitable to take the treatment.
Include the pre-existing condition as a factor and adjust the final score.
Improve test reliability by using a pretest so that the subjects know what to expect in the second test.
Matching subjects by their characteristics.