1. Volume 58, Issue 6, Pages 2462-2472 (December 2000)
Dietary potassium and magnesium supplementation in cyclosporine-induced hypertension and nephrotoxicity 
Anna-Kaisa Pere, Leena Lindgren, Päivi Tuomainen, Leena Krogerus, Pekka Rauhala, Juha Laakso, Heikki Karppanen, Heikki Vapaatalo, Juhani Ahonen, Eero M.A. Mervaala 
Kidney International 
Volume 58, Issue 6, Pages (December 2000)
DOI: /j x
Copyright © 2000 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions

2. Figure 1
Line plots show development of hypertension in cyclosporine A (CsA)-treated spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) during different diets for six weeks. Symbols are: (•) high-sodium diet; (○) high-sodium/high-potassium diet; (□) high-sodium/high-magnesium diet; (▪) high-sodium/high-potassium/high-magnesium diet. Potassium and magnesium supplementation, alone and in combination, decreased blood pressure in CsA-treated SHR on high-sodium diet. *P < 0.05 compared with all other groups. Means ± SEM are given, N = 8 to 10 in each group.
Kidney International  , DOI: ( /j x)
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3. Figure 2
Left ventricle hypertrophy (LVH), expressed as left ventricle wet weight (A) and left ventricle wet weight-to-body weight ratio (B) in CsA-treated SHR during different diets for six weeks. Magnesium supplementation, alone and in combination with potassium, ameliorated LVH in CsA-treated SHRs on high-sodium diet. *P < 0.05 compared with the high-sodium group; $P < 0.05 compared with the high-sodium/high-magnesium group; §P < 0.05 compared with the high-sodium/high-potassium group. Means ± SEM are given, N = 8 to 10 in each group.
Kidney International  , DOI: ( /j x)
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4. Figure 3
Line plots show heart rates (HRs) in CsA-treated SHRs during different diets for six weeks. Abbreviations are given in Figure 1. CsA increased HR regardless of the diet. Means ± SEM are given, N = 8 to 10 in each group.
Kidney International  , DOI: ( /j x)
Copyright © 2000 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions

5. Figure 4
Representative photomicrographs from the kidneys of CsA-treated SHR on high-sodium diet (A) and normotensive WKY rat (B). CsA-treated SHR on high-sodium diet showed severe thickening of the media of afferent arteriole and fibrinoid necrosis of the arteriolar wall. Potassium only partially prevented CsA-induced renal damage. Magnesium supplementation, alone and in combination, prevented the CsA-induced morphological changes in the kidney (C). *P < 0.05 compared with the high-sodium group; §P < 0.05 compared with the high-sodium/high-potassium group. Means ± SEM are given, N = 8 to 10 in each group.
Kidney International  , DOI: ( /j x)
Copyright © 2000 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions

6. Figure 5
Line plots show the development of proteinuria (A) and urinary NAG excretion (B) in CsA-treated SHRs during different diets for six weeks. Symbols are: (•) high-sodium diet; (○) high-sodium/high-potassium diet; (□) high-sodium/high-magnesium diet; (▪) high-sodium/high-potassium/high-magnesium diet. Potassium partially prevented the development of proteinuria, whereas magnesium supplementation, alone and in combination, was more effective. CsA increased urinary NAG excretion irrespective of the diet. *P < 0.05 vs. all other groups, §P < 0.05 vs. high-magnesium and high-magnesium/high-potassium diet groups. Means ± SEM are given, N = 8 to 10 in each group.
Kidney International  , DOI: ( /j x)
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7. Figure 6
Twenty-four–hour urinary dopamine excretion in CsA-treated SHR during different diets for six weeks. Magnesium supplementation, alone and in combination with potassium, prevented the suppression of urinary dopamine excretion in CsA-treated SHRs on high-sodium diet. *P < 0.05 compared with the high-sodium diet group; §P < 0.05 compared with the high-sodium/high-potassium diet group. Means ± SEM are given, N = 8 to 10 in each group.
Kidney International  , DOI: ( /j x)
Copyright © 2000 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions

8. Figure 7
Serum-free magnesium concentration (iMg; A) and bone magnesium concentration (B), in CsA-treated SHR during different diets for six weeks. Magnesium supplementation, alone and in combination with potassium, increased iMg and bone magnesium concentrations in CsA-treated SHR on high-sodium diet. *P < 0.05 compared with high-sodium/high-potassium diet groups. Means ± SEM are given, N = 8 to 10 in each group.
Kidney International  , DOI: ( /j x)
Copyright © 2000 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions

9. Figure 8
Serum cholesterol concentration in CsA-treated SHRs during different diets for six weeks. Serum cholesterol concentration in CsA-treated SHR on high-sodium diet, both in the presence and in the absence of potassium supplementation, was higher compared with magnesium-supplemented and magnesium + potassium-supplemented SHRs. *P < 0.05 compared with the high-sodium diet group; §P < 0.05 compared with the high-sodium/high-potassium diet group. Means ± SEM are given, N = 8 to 10 in each group.
Kidney International  , DOI: ( /j x)
Copyright © 2000 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions