1. ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

2. Organic Chemistry Chemistry of carbon compounds
Are called hydrocarbons
Carbon can make four bonds that are very strong
Chemical Formula – notation using symbols and numbers to represent the composition of a substance
Structural Formula- shows the arrangement of atoms in a molecule

3. Saturated Hydrocarbons Follow the formula CnH2n+2
ALKANE SERIES
Saturated Hydrocarbons
Follow the formula CnH2n+2
These molecules ONLY have single bonds (SATURATED)
Suffix is -ANE

4. MEMORIZE THESE PREFIXES
METH- one carbon
ETH- two carbons
PROP- three carbons
BUT- four carbons
PENT- five carbons
HEX- six carbons
HEPT- seven carbons
OCT- eight carbons
NON- nine carbons
DEC- ten carbons

5. Write the chemical and structural formula for the following
METHANE
PROPANE
PENTANE

6. NAMING BRANCHED ALKANES
1. Find the longest chain of carbons. This is called the Parent Chain.
2. Number the carbons in the parent chain starting at the end closest to the first branch
3. This branch is designated with a number and has the suffix –yl
4. If more than one of the same kind of branch is found, use a prefix (di, tri)
5. If more than one kind of branch is found, list them in alphabetical order disregarding any prefix

7. Draw the structural formula for the following
2-methylpentane
2,2-dimethylhexane
2,4-dimethylhexane
3-ethyl-2,5-dimethylheptane

8. ISOMERS
A substance that has the same chemical formula as another substance but differs in structure
Draw and name the isomers of pentane

9. Reactions with Alkanes
At low temperatures, alkanes are not very reactive
At high temperatures, alkanes combust
Butane combusts in air

10. Substitution Reactions
One or more hydrogen atoms are replaced by a different atom
R-H X2  R-X HX
CH Cl2  CH3Cl HCl

11. Dehydrogenation Reactions
Hydrogen atoms are removed and the product is an unsaturated hydrocarbon
CH3CH3  CH2=CH H2

12. ALKENE SERIES Unsaturated hydrocarbons
Have double bonds between carbon atoms
Follow the formula CnH2n

13. NAMING ALKENES
Alkenes are numbered starting at the side nearest the first double bond
The parent compound is named from the longest continuous chain containing the double bond
The suffix –ENE is used

14. Write the structural formula for the following:
3-hexene
2-methylpropene
4-propyl-4-octene

15. ALKYNES Unsaturated hydrocarbons
Have TRIPLE bonds between carbon atoms
Follow the formula CnH2n - 2
Use the suffix -YNE

16. CYCLIC HYDROCARBONS Draw the following: Cycloalkanes CnH2n Cyclohexane
Ethylcyclohexane
1,3-dimethylcyclohexane

17. Write the structural formula for the following
Halogen derivatives
2-bromopropane
1,4-dichloro-1-butene
1,3-dichlorobenzene

18. Reactions with Alkenes
Addition reactions
New atoms form single bonds to the carbons formerly involved in the double (or triple) bonds

19. Examples hydrogenation reaction – uses H2 as reactant
1-propene reacts with hydrogen gas to produce propane
Halogenation reaction – adds halogen atoms
1-pentene reacts with bromine to produce 1,2-dibromopentane