1. 7 The Nervous System PPT-A This ppt: 7 slides
Total = 34 slides for 2 hour

2. PPT-A OUTLINE PPT-B OUTLINE
I. Overall Functions II. NS Organization III. Nervous Tissue
A. Sensory A. Structural A. Cells
B. Integration B. Functional B. Terminology
C. Motor C. Functional Classification
IV. Physiology
A. Electrical Properties
B. Action Potentials
V. Central Nervous System VI Peripheral Nervous Sys
A. Brain A. Nerves
B. Spinal Cord B. Autonomic NS
PPT-B OUTLINE

3. I. Overall Functions of the Nervous System
A. Sensory input =
B. Integration =
C. Motor output =

4. II. Organization of the Nervous System A. Structural Classification
1. *Central nervous system (CNS) =
a. *Parts
b. *Function
2. *Peripheral nervous system (PNS) =
b. *Functions:
B. Functional Classification of the Peripheral N.S.
1. Sensory (afferent):
2. Motor (efferent):

5. III. Nervous Tissue Structure & Function: A. Nervous Tissue Cells
1. *Neuroglia (glial): Support Functions
*Support
*Insulate
*Protect
2. Neurons
a. *Function:
b. Parts–
i) *Cell body
ii) *Processes
(1) *Dendrites: Describe and give function

6. *Axon Terminal with*Contain Synaptic Vesicles *Neurotransmitters
b. Parts– …
(2) *Axons:
Axon Hillock:
*Axon Terminal with*Contain Synaptic Vesicles
*Neurotransmitters
c. Synaptic cleft = Synapse—gap between adjacent neurons
d. Myelin sheath =
Cell that forms it:
ii) How forms it:
iii) Function:
Synapse

7. Dendrite
Cell
body
Mitochondrion
Nissl substance
Axon
hillock
Axon
Neurofibrils
Collateral
branch
Nucleus
One
Schwann cell
Node of
Ranvier
Axon
terminal
Schwann cells,
forming the myelin
sheath on axon
(a)
Figure 7.4a

8. Neuron cell body
Dendrite
(b)
Figure 7.4b

9. C. Functional Classification of Neurons
*Sensory Neurons:
*Receptors
2. *Interneurons (association neurons):
Connect sensory and motor neurons
3. *Motor Neurons
What are the 3 functional types of neurons?
Explain the function of these neuron types.
What are Receptors and give 3 examples?

10. Central process (axon)
Sensory
neuron
Spinal cord
(central nervous system)
Cell
body
Ganglion
Dendrites
Peripheral
process (axon)
Afferent
transmission
Interneuron
(association
neuron)
Peripheral
nervous system
Receptors
Efferent transmission
Motor neuron
To effectors
(muscles and glands)
Figure 7.6

11. IV PHYSIOLOGY: Action Potentials A. Functional Properties of Neurons
1. Irritability
2. Conductivity
B. The Action Potential
The Resting Neuron-- Prior to the Action Potential
Inside Neuron next to membrane:
more negatives: INSIDE IS NEGATIVE
More K+ (less K+ outside)
Outside cell membrane:
more positives: THE OUTSIDE IS POSITIVE
More Na+ (less Na+ inside)

12. + POSITIVE CHARGE + + + _ 2. RESULT: STORED ENERGY
Action Potential …
2. RESULT: STORED ENERGY
Membrane Charges are Polarized
ii) Two Ion Concentration Gradients
+ POSITIVE CHARGE
__ __ __
NEGATIVE CHARGE K+
Na+
Na+
Na+ +
Na+
Na+
Na+ _ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+
Na+

13. Nerve Impulses … _ + 3. Starting the Action Potential
a. Stimulus: maybe sensory or neurotransmitter from an adjacent neuron
b. Depolarization = Sodium moves from high to low to inside neuron
The inside becomes Positive instead of Negative = Depolarized
STIMULUS
Na+
Na+
Na+
Na+
Na+ _
Na+ + K+ K+ K+ K+ K+

14. c. Repolarization Nerve Impulses … + _
Potassium diffuses from High to Low to the outside of the membrane
Repolarization: with the loss of positive ions, the inside of the cell membrane is restored to a negative charge K+ + _
Na+
Na+
Na+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+
Na+
Na+
Na+

15. d) Redistribution of ions
Figure Propagation of an action potential (AP) showing change of charges across the axon membrane.
d) Redistribution of ions
Initial ionic conditions, with potassium inside and sodium outside, are restored using the sodium-potassium pump.
PUMP
Cell Outside
Na+ K+
Cell Inside
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

16. C. Transmission of a Signal at Synapses
1. When action potential reaches the axon terminal
Neuron #1
Action
Potential
Arrives at
Axon
Terminal.
Axon terminal
Ca+
Ca+
Ca+
Ca+
Neuron #2
Dendrite

17. Transmission of a Signal at Synapses …
(1) Vesicles move to membrane
Axon terminal
Synaptic
cleft
Vesicles 1
Ca+
Ca+
Dendrite
Ca+
Ca+
Figure 7.10, step 1

18. Ca+ Ca+ Ca+ Vesicle fuses with Axon terminal of plasma Neuron #1
membrane. 2
Axon terminal of
Neuron #1
Ca+
Ca+
Ca+
Synaptic
cleft
Neurotransmitter
molecules
Dendrite or
Neuron #2
Figure 7.10, step 2

19. Ca+ Transmitting neuron Vesicle fuses with plasma membrane.2
Neurotrans-
mitter is
released into
synaptic cleft. 3
Ca+
Synaptic
cleft
Neurotransmitter
molecules
Dendrite
Receiving neuron
Figure 7.10, step 3

20. Transmission of a Signal at Synapses ,,,
(4) Neurotransmitters diffuse across to dendrite of neuron or to muscle cells
Axon Terminal
Dendrite

21. Ca+ AXON TERMINAL Neurotrans- mitter binds to 2nd Cell . Synaptic5
Neurotrans-
mitter binds
to 2nd Cell .
Ca+
Synaptic
cleft
Dendrite
Figure 7.10, step 4

22. Transmission of a Signal at Synapses …
(6) The 2nd neuron has received the message and, then, it may send its own Action potential
Neurotransmitter
Ion
Receptor 5
Ion channel opens.