1. Cellular Division
& Reproduction

4. These are human chromosomes taken from a scanning electron microscope (SEM).

5. Karyotyping
Chart of metaphase chromosomal pairs arranged according to length and location of centromere; used to pinpoint unusual chromosome numbers in cells.

6. Autosomes
Sex chromosomes

8. Mitosis (vs) Meiosis

9. Mitosis VS Meiosis Diploid (2n) Somatic Cells (Body Cells)
For growth, repair, and asexual reproduction
Haploid (n)
Gametes (Sex Cells in ovaries or testes)
For sexual reproduction.

11. Animation: http://www.cellsalive.com/cell_cycle.htm
Mitotic Cell Cycle
Animation:

13. REPRODUCTION Two Types:
Sexual-two haploid gametes combine to produce a genetically unique, new individual.
Asexual-a single parent reproduces an exact genetic copy or copies of itself.

14. Types of Asexual Reproduction
Binary fission – simple division

15. Types of Asexual Reproduction
Budding – organism grows off of body of parent.
Yeast
Unicellular
Hydra
Multicellular

16. Budding is part of the life cycle of many Cnidarians (jellyfish and their relatives).

17. Types of Asexual Reproduction
Vegetative propagation – plant grows from cuttings or out of parent plant.

18. Types of Asexual Reproduction
Parthenogenesis – egg develops without fertilization.
The asexual, all-female whiptail species Cnemidophorus neomexicanus (center), which reproduces via parthenogenesis, is shown flanked by two sexual species having males, C. inornatus (left) and C. tigris (right), which hybridized naturally to form the C. neomexicanus species
Komodo Dragon, Varanus komodoensis, is confirmed to be able to reproduce naturally by parthenogenesis

19. Types of Asexual Reproduction
Fragmentation and regeneration – offspring grow from cut off part of parent.

20. Some regeneration is NOT reproduction

21. Types of Asexual Reproduction
Spore formation – production of a mitotic, asexual reproductive cell.

22. Types of Sexual Reproduction
External fertilization – sperm is released into environment in vicinity of eggs.

23. More external fertilization

24. Types of Sexual Reproduction
Conjugation – Two cells line up and exchange genetic material.

25. Types of Sexual Reproduction
Pollination – pollen containing sperm are transferred to female portion of flower containing ovum (eggs).
Pollen on anther
Flower anatomy
Pollen collecting on honey bee

26. Types of Sexual Reproduction
Internal fertilization – male sperm is placed inside female. + =
Learn from
this…wait
until you’re
Married!!

27. Sexual Reproduction Terminology
Sperm – male, haploid gamete, usually smaller and more mobile

28. Sexual Reproduction Terminology
Egg – female haploid gamete, usually larger, less mobile, containing food source for embryo.

29. Sexual Reproduction Terminology
Fertilization – joining of male and female gametes.

30. Sexual Reproduction Terminology
Zygote – fertilized egg.
This is the first of five images showing that eggs from the sea urchin Lytechinus pictus (large eggs) are preferentially fertilized by sperm from the same species. A fertilization membrane forms around the eggs of L. pictus; however, eggs from a different sea urchin species, Strongylocentrotus purperatus, are not fertilized.

31. Sexual Reproduction Terminology
Embryo – early developing offspring prior to birth.

32. Sexual Reproduction Terminology
Fetus – later developing offspring prior to birth.
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