1. Cell Cycle & Cell Division

2. What is the cell theory
Cell is the basic structure of all living things.
All organisms are made of cells.
All cells come from pre-existing cells.

3. Cell Cycle- Pattern of Growth
What’s happening
Gap 1
Growth
Synthesis
DNA Replicates
Gap 2
Cell Preparing to Divide
Mitosis
Cell Divides

4. Knowledge Check
Why does the cell cycle only apply to eukaryotic cells?
Because prokaryotic cells does not contain a nucleus or membrane bound organelles.
According to the graph do all cells grow within the same amount of time?
No. Cells grow based on needs. The more the body needs those types of cells the faster they will divide. (pg.136).

5. Chromosomes Chromosome- Long thread of DNA
Human body has 46 chromosomes
Before a cell divides, it looks like long strands of spaghetti.

6. Chromosomes
Histones- Protein that helps condense (pack) the DNA strands.
Chromatin- Combination of DNA and protein

7. Chromosomes Chromatid- half of a duplicated chromosome (X-shape).
Sister chromatids- identical chromatids

8. Chromosomes Centromere- Hold chromatids together
Telomeres- At the ends of chromosome Prevent chromosomes from attaching to each other.

9. Also known as the Growth Phase
INTERPHASE
Also known as the Growth Phase

10. Interphase This is the stage before mitosis
Cell is preparing to divide.
Organelles and DNA duplicates
At the end, the cell will have two full sets of DNA or chromosomes

11. MITOSIS

12. Mitosis Results in the creation of two identical daughter cells.
Each identical to original parent cell
Important for growth and repairing damaged cells.

13. Stages of Mitosis (PMAT)
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase &
Cytokinesis

14. Prophase Nucleus prepares for division by beginning to break apart.
This allows chromosomes to become free floating in the cytoplasm.
All Chromosomes copies are held together at the centromere to create an X formation
Spindle fibers grow

15. Metaphase Chromosome line up in the center of the cell.
Spindle fibers attach to chromosomes at the centromere (where they are joined).

16. Anaphase Spindle fibers begin to separate chromosome
One complete set is pulled to one side and the other complete set is pulled to the other side of the cell.
This ensures each cell has the exact same genetic material.

17. Telophase Cytoplasm pinches in at the center of the cell
2 nuclear membrane re-form around the chromosomes
Chromosomes began to uncoil
2 Daughter cells are identical to parent cell.

18. Cytokinesis
Each daughter cell ends up with the same number of identical chromosomes
The cells will also have half the organelles and cytoplasm.

19. Mitosis Animation

20. Cell Division in Cancer Cells

21. Cancer Cells
Comes from normal cells that have suffered damaged or mutations to their genes.
Uncontrolled cell division
Divide more than healthy cells
Clump together forming tumors
They do not perform the functions of healthy cells so they are growing and growing but doing nothing.

22. Cancer Cells Amoeba sisters cell cycle and cancer cells
Cancer cells dividing video
Amoeba sisters cell cycle and cancer cells