1. Clinical Nutrition: Illness feeding
Dental Disease
Clinical Nutrition: Illness feeding

2. Tooth Anatomy

3. Dental Disease: Periodontitis/ Periodontal Disease
Gingivitis
Periodontitis
Inflammation of the _____________.
Represents the _______ stages of periodontitis.
Easily ____________ with proper treatment and home care.
Inflammation not only of the gingiva but also of the structures of the _____________________.
More difficult to reverse once advanced.

4. Periodontitis/ Periodontal Disease
Periodontitis is caused by the _____________________ of _____________________________ and the body’s response to it.
_________ - a white-tan film that collects around and within the gingival sulcus of the tooth. Plaque is comprised of
_______________ (primary cause), food debris, exfoliated cells, and salivary glycoproteins.
If left undisturbed, as quickly as within _______ hrs., plaque will mineralize on teeth to form dental _________ “aka” _________.
__________ – a light brown or yellow, raised, irregular deposit adherent to the tooth and root surfaces.
Calculus/Tarter can only be removed by ______________ action.

5. Dental Prophylaxis is an ____________ procedure preformed under the supervision of a DVM and is a ___________ measure taken to mechanically clean the teeth to avoid dental diseases.
They are also performed when dental disease of varying degrees are apparent to help _________ the disease if possible (dependent on degree of disease).  
Dental Prophylaxis

6. Periodontitis/ Periodontal Disease
_____% of cats and ______% of dogs have periodontal disease.
It is the ____________ health problem in pets.
A difference in the _______ causes plaque and tartar to build up ____ times quicker than in humans

7. Stage 0 Periodontal Disease
Characterization:
- The gum margin is ______ and ______ and creates a ___________ edge against the teeth – i.e. No Inflammation
_________ starting to develop
_________ crowns
On x-ray no bone loss seen

8. Stage 0 Periodontal Disease
Treatment:
• ______________ professional teeth cleaning by your veterinarian under anesthesia
• Homecare –brush all teeth ___________

9. Stage 1 Periodontal Disease
Characterization: - Start of tarter ________ - _________ swollen and reddened gums - On x-ray, no bone loss seen

10. Stage 1 Periodontal Disease
Treatment: • Regular professional teeth clean by your veterinarian under anesthesia • Homecare –brush all teeth daily.

11. Stage 2 Periodontal Disease
Characterization:
___________ gums
Although, ______________ swelling or redness of gums may not be seen
____________ of the teeth may be worn down
On x-ray there is _______% bone attachment loss. Bone should appear ________________ which indicates loss of _____________________.

12. Stage 2 Periodontal Disease
Treatment:
Professional teeth clean (under anesthetic)
This is at a point where further destruction and loss of bone can be _________________.
Loss of bone means loss of _____________ for the tooth.

13. Stage 3 Periodontal Disease
Characterization:
___________ tartar
Bone loss is ___________
Oral pain is ___________
Tooth __________ and _____________ may be present under tartar
Typically ______________ dental X-rays to fully evaluate bone loss and tooth health.
_________________ attachment loss.
Pre-cleaning

14. Stage 3 Periodontal Disease
Treatment:
_________________
If the tooth is extracted the problem will not return but the tooth is lost and does not grow back.
____________ treatment by a veterinary dental ______________
Teeth affected by stage 3 periodontal disease can __________ be saved with advanced care and _____________________.
Post cleaning

15. Stage 4 Periodontal Disease
Characterization:
_____________ tartar
______________________ typically present around the gingiva & tooth line
Oral pain is ___________
Stage 4 periodontal disease is characterized by a ________ attachment loss.
Tooth loss is __________

16. Stage 4 Periodontal Disease
Treatment:
Dental X-rays to fully _________ bone loss and tooth _________.
_______________ of all unhealthy teeth (sometimes this can result in a full mouth extraction).

17. Periodontal disease can effect the ________, _________, and _________.
The ____________ in the oral cavity of a pet with periodontal disease can be released into the circulatory system and travel throughout the body.
This can cause damage to cardiac tissue and lead to _______________. 
When bacteria invades kidneys, it ___________ glomerulus membranes, causing them to function improperly.
Bacteria also can cause ___________ changes in the liver.

18. Dental Diets
The ______ and ________ of the dental diets promotes chewing action that creates the action of _______ off the bacteria and helps to slow ________ and ____________ buildup.

19. Dental Diets t/d
- The _________ kibble scrubs away laden plaque in the mouth to promote systemic health
- Clinically proven to ________ plaque, stain and tartar buildup
- __________ bad breath
- Added ___________ to control cell oxidation and promote a healthy immune system
- Awarded the Veterinary Oral Health Council (VOHC) Seal of Acceptance for helping reduce both plaque and tartar accumulation

20. Dental Diets DH Optimal kibble _______ Patented kibble __________
Antioxidants _____ and _______
Natural source of glucosamine
__________ calories
____________ palatability
Perfect solution for everyday feeding of adult and senior dogs
Canine Dental Chewz™ are a perfect complement when using the DH Formula.

21. These are devices ___________ can use at home with their pets.
Daily Dental Preventative Devices
These are devices ___________ can use at home with their pets.

22. Slab Fracture 4th Upper Premolar
Slab fractures occur when a slice of the ____________ _________ from the buccal or lingual/palatal surface of a tooth.
The fracture often extends ____________________. 
Slab fractures commonly occur on the ___________ surface of the maxillary fourth premolar.

23. Resorptive Lesion
The __________ in a single tooth (or several simultaneously) __________ and eventually becomes irreparably destroyed.
_____ areas of an affected tooth, from root to crown, may become involved.
_________________ dental problem in cats (can be seen in dogs also)
________ painful
_________ when chewing, dropping food from the mouth is typically seen
Treatment : Extraction