1. Tek. Bioenergi (TKK-2129) Instructor: Rama Oktavian
18/19 Semester ganjil
Tek. Bioenergi (TKK-2129)
Instructor: Rama Oktavian

2. Outlines 1. Biofuel 2. 1st, 2nd and 3rd generation
3. Biofuel in Indonesia

3. Biofuel  fuel made/derived from biomass.
Biofuel definition
What are biofuels
Biofuels are fossil fuel substitutes that can be made from a range of agricultural crops and other sources of biomass. The two most common current Biofuels are ethanol and biodiesel.
Biofuel  fuel made/derived from biomass.

4. Biofuel definition
Why Biomass
Among all renewable energy resources, biomass is the only resource that can be converted in a relatively direct way into fuels (to substitute petroleum fuels).
Recall : Transportation sector is heavily dependent on fuel !.

5. Biofuel definition
Why Biomass
Biomass is biological material derived from living organisms
- 4th largest energy source behind coal, oil, and natural gas
- Annual global primary production of biomass is around 4500 EJ
(as compared to global world consumption of EJ in 2012)
-Only % of global agricultural land is devoted to energy crops for biomass fuels

6. Counterpart biofuels of petroleum fuels
Biofuel definition
Counterpart biofuels of petroleum fuels
Petroleum fuel
Counterpart biofuel
Petroleum diesel fuels
Biodiesel fuels
Gasoline
Bioethanol
Kerosene
Biogas
Biokerosene¶
¶ Plant-based (hydrocarbon) oils having combustion/burning characteristics nearly similar to kerosene.

7. Biofuel definition Why Biofuels have become a key issue?
Energy security (increasing oil prices, need for alternative
source of energy)
To decrease greenhouse gas emission
To promote rural development

8. Biofuel definition
Why Biofuels have become a key issue?

9. Biofuel definition A NEW DILEMMA IN FOOD SECURITY FOOD
INCREASED COMPETITION
LIMITED NATURAL RESOURCES
BIOFUELS
CROPS

10. Biomass to energy technology
Biomass conversion into energy
Boyle, Renewable Energy, Oxford University Press (2004)

11. Biomass to energy technology

12. Biomass to energy technology
1st generation of biofuel
Biofuel made from sugar, starchy crops, vegetable oil or animal fat using conventional technology.
The starch from the basic feedstocks is fermented into bioethanol, or the vegetable oil through chemical process to biodiesel.
These feedstocks could instead enter the animal or human food chain.
They don’t seem to be more environment friendly than the fossil fuels.

13. Biomass to energy technology
FIRST GENERATION BIOFUELS PRODUCTION SCHEME
Sunlight
PLANTS
SUGARS
Biofuels
BIOFUELS
ENZYMES

14. Biomass to energy technology

15. Biomass to energy technology
2nd generation of biofuel
Second Generation Biofuels come from Woody crops and grasses species
(lignocellulosic)
Advantages vs 1st generation:
Increase quantitative potential for biofuel generation per hectare
Grow on poor, degradated soils where food crop production is not optimal (Jatropha).
Less effects on commodity markets

16. Biomass to energy technology
2nd generation of biofuel
Disadvantages:
More of these species can be invasive and have negative impacts
on water resources, biodiversity and agriculture
At the moment they are still more expensive than fossil fuels
Still under research and development for a significant commercial scale

17. Biomass to energy technology
1st Generation
2nd Generation
Feedstock
Food Crops (e.g. corn, sugarcane, soybeans)
Energy Crops (e.g. miscanthus), Agricultural Waste (e.g. bagasse)
Main sugar component
Starch
Cellulose, hemicellulose
Product
Ethanol or Biodiesel
Cellulosic Ethanol
Example

18. Biomass to energy technology

19. Biomass to energy technology

20. Biomass to energy technology
3rd generation of biofuel
The third generation biofuels come from algae, that are low-input, high-yield feedstock to produce Biofuels

21. Biomass to energy technology
3rd generation of biofuel

22. Biomass to energy technology
3rd generation of biofuel
times more energy productive and effective
The Biomass leftover from oil pressing can be used for animal
feeding and ethanol production
Processing Biofuel from algae can capture large amount of CO2
They are relatively easy to grow, but the algal oil is hard and
expensive to extract

23. Biomass to energy technology
Cheap Biofuels Technology
How to apply biofuels in developing countries?
Fermentation
Simple and cheap technology that any agronomic-based economic country could use.
Transesterification
Relatively simple process that could be done even at home.

24. Biomass to energy technology
NATIONAL ENERGY PLANNING to 2025:
Environmental Issue:
Global Warming
Air Pollution
Acid Rain
Health
Population Increase:
Increase in Economic Growth:
Increase in Living Standard
- Energy Demand Increase
- Electricity Demand Increase
TYPE OF ENERGY SELECTION
Environment
INFRASTRUCTUR
ENERGY RESOURCES
SOCIAL-CULTURE
GEOPOLITIC
ECONOMY
Fosil Energy
NEW AND RENEWABLE ENERGY
Hiydro,
Microhydro
Solar, wind, biofuel, geothermal, hidrogen, FC
OIL
COAL
Gas
Nuclear
BASED ON NATURAL RESOURCES
BASED ON TECHNOLOGY

25. Biomass to energy technology
Biofuel di Indonesia

26. Biomass to energy technology
Biofuel di Indonesia

27. Biomass to energy technology
Biofuel di Indonesia
Arya Hadi, dkk Pengembangan bioenergi di Indonesia:Peluang dan tantangan kebijakan industri biodiesel. CIFOR

28. Biomass to energy technology
Biofuel di Indonesia
Arya Hadi, dkk Pengembangan bioenergi di Indonesia:Peluang dan tantangan kebijakan industri biodiesel. CIFOR

29. Thank You !