1. A tool for Graphic Design
Digital Photography
A tool for Graphic Design
Graphic Design: Digital Photography

2. Digital Camera A digital camera (or digicam)
is a camera that takes video or still photographs, or both, digitally by recording images via an electronic
image sensor.
Graphic Design: Digital Photography

3. The word digital comes from the same source as the word digit and digitus
(the Latin word for finger), as fingers are used for discrete counting. It is most commonly used in computing and electronics, especially where real-world information is converted to binary numeric form as in ditigal audio and digital photography.
Graphic Design: Digital Photography

4. Pixel
In digital imaging, a pixel, the smallest addressable screen element in a display device; it is the smallest unit of picture that can be represented or controlled.
Graphic Design: Digital Photography

5. Image Sensor
An image sensor is a device that converts an optical image into an
electronic signal. It is used
mostly in digital cameras
and other imaging devices.
Graphic Design: Digital Photography

6. Today, the most currently used active pixel sensors are digital:
charge-coupled device (CCD) OR
complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS).
Graphic Design: Digital Photography

7. A CCD image sensor
A CCD image sensor is an analog device. When light strikes the chip it is held as a small electrical charge in each photo sensor. The charges are converted to voltage one pixel at a time as they are read from the chip. Additional circuitry in the camera converts the voltage into digital information.
Graphic Design: Digital Photography

8. A CMOS imaging chip
A CMOS imaging chip is a type of active pixel sensor made using the CMOS semiconductor process. Extra circuitry next to each photo sensor converts the light energy to a voltage. Additional circuitry on the chip may be included to convert the voltage to digital data.
Graphic Design: Digital Photography

9. Focal Length
Cameras have lenses on them to focus incoming light and direct it towards the image sensor at the back of the camera.
Focal length in a camera can be best described as the amount of information that makes it to the sensor relative to the distance the subject is away from the lens.
Graphic Design: Digital Photography

10. In camera terminology, light is measured in what are called “stops.”
Light Exposure
In camera terminology, light is measured in what are called “stops.”
One stop represents the increment between one doubling and the next.
Graphic Design: Digital Photography

11. Exposure Controls
Exposure is the amount of light that makes it to the sensor at the back of the camera.
Exposure is controlled by many different things.
Two of the most important ways to control the exposure are the aperture and shutter speed.
Graphic Design: Digital Photography

12. Aperture Cameras let light in through an iris.
To control the amount of light that makes it to the sensor, a small opening is opened and closed on top of the iris called an aperture.
Graphic Design: Digital Photography

13. Depth of Field The Aperture also controls Depth of Field.
Graphic Design: Digital Photography

14. Depth of Field
depth of field (DOF) is the distance between the nearest and farthest objects in a scene that appear acceptably sharp in an image
Graphic Design: Digital Photography

15. Shallow Depth of Field
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16. Large Depth of Field
Graphic Design: Digital Photography

17. Graphic Design: Digital Photography
Graphic Design: Digital Photography

18. Shutter Speed
The shutter on the front of the camera is a flap that opens and closes for small increments of time to allow light in.
Because there is limited space on the sensor for light to be absorbed, the shutter has to be very precise in how long it is open for.
Graphic Design: Digital Photography

19. Shutter Speed
By adjusting the shutter speed you can control the movement of your subject moving through your frame.
A fast shutter speed will freeze the subject and a slow shutter speed will make it look blurred as the subject moves.
Graphic Design: Digital Photography

20. Shutter Speeds
These are the shutter speeds, expressed in fractions of seconds, that you will most commonly find on any semi automatic or manually operated camera.
2000  1000  500  250  125  60  30  15  8  4  2  1   B fast » slow » shutter held open
Graphic Design: Digital Photography

21. Graphic Design: Digital Photography