1. The importance of a Culture of Safety

2. What is culture? Culture is learned, not biologically inherited
What we do
What we think
What we produce
= the outcomes
All based on our
mental processes, beliefs, knowledge, and values
Adapted from Reason

3. What is a safety culture?
The safety culture of an organisation is the product of individual and group values, attitudes, competencies, and patterns of behaviour that determine the commitment to, and the style and proficiency of, an organisation's health and safety programmes.

4. Organisations with a positive safety culture are characterised by communications founded on mutual trust, by shared perceptions of the importance of safety, and by confidence in the efficacy of preventative measures.
Charles Vincent: Patient Safety (2010)

5. Definition of a Just Culture
A culture where there is no fear to report mistakes
and
Where the organisation learns from mistakes
There is a balance between blame free and discipline
Patient Safety and the Just Culture.
A Primer for Health Care Executives. New York, NY: Columbia University 2001

6. Levels of safety
Features
Pathological
Why do we need to waste our time on risk?
Reactive
We take risk seriously and do something every time we have an incident.
Calculative
We have systems in place to manage all possible risks.
Proactive
We are always on the alert, thinking of risks that might emerge.
Generative
Safety is an integral part of everything that we do.
Parker D, Hudson PT. HSE: understanding your culture, Shell International
Exploration and Production, EP 2001–5124, 2001.