1. CHAPTER 9 Who Controls the Money Supply and How?
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2. Exhibit 9-1 M2 Money Supply ≡ M2 Money Multiplier X Monetary Base
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3. Exhibit 9-2 Framework for Conceptualizing Causes of Monetary Base Changes
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4. Exhibit 9-3 What Causes Changes in a Nation’s Monetary Base?
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5. Exhibit 9-4 What Causes the Monetary Base to Increase?
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6. Exhibit 9-5 Assets a Central Bank Could Purchase to Increase the Monetary Base
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7. Exhibit 9-6 Assets Central Bank Prefer to Purchase
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8. Exhibit 9-7 Sources of Money Supply Changes
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9. Exhibit 9-8 Effects of Different Reserve Requirements
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10. Exhibit 9-9 Effects of a $10 Million Withdrawal from a Bank with No Excess Reserves
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11. Exhibit 9-10 Monetary Effects of Open Market Operations
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12. Exhibit 9-11 Central Bank Independence versus Inflation
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13. Exhibit 9-12 Central Bank Independence Versus Inflation 1955-1988 and 1988-2000
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14. Exhibit 9-13 Monetary Effects of Foreign Exchange Market Intervention
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15. Exhibit 9-14 Monetary Effects of Discount Rate and Discount Loan Changes
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16. Exhibit 9-15 Lags in Monetary Policy
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17. Exhibit Major Monetary Tools of Central Banks and Their Effect on the Money Multiplier or Monetary Base
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18. Exhibit 9-17 Major Accounts in a Central Bank Balance Sheet
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19. Exhibit 9-18 How Paper Currency Enters the Economy
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20. Exhibit 9-19 Cash Injections into the Economy Do Not Change the Monetary Base
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21. Exhibit 9-20 Top 10 Countries In Foreign Currency And Gold Reserves: December 31, 2012
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22. Exhibit 9-21 Open Market Operations: Central Bank Purchases Securities from Banks
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23. Exhibit 9-22 Open Market Operations: Central Bank and Individuals or Companies as Counterparties
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24. Exhibit 9-23 Effect When ECB Buys Yen from European Banks
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25. Exhibit 9-24 Effects When ECB Buys Yen from Japanese Banks
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26. Exhibit 9-25 Effects When ECB Buys Yen from the Nonbank Public or from Governments
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27. Exhibit 9-26 Effects of Discount Loans from the Central Bank
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28. Exhibit 9-27 Stock Market Prices of Seven Blue Chip U. S
Exhibit 9-27 Stock Market Prices of Seven Blue Chip U.S. Companies, 1929 and 1932
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29. Exhibit A9-1 Structure of U. S
Exhibit A9-1 Structure of U.S. Banks and Their Assets, December 31, 2012
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30. Exhibit A9-2 Structure of the Federal Reserve System
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31. Exhibit A9-3 Map of the Federal Reserve Districts
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32. Exhibit A9-4 Central Bank Around the World
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33. Exhibit A9-4 Continued
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34. Exhibit A9-4 Continued
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35. Exhibit A9-5 Federal Reserve Note (Front)
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36. Exhibit A9-5 Federal Reserve Note (Back)
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