1. Matter, Physical & Chemical Properties/Changes
Chemistry
Matter, Physical & Chemical Properties/Changes

2. Recall Matter is the “stuff” that something is made up of.
It has a mass and it occupies a volume.
Matter can be broken down into simpler units, the simplest being the atom.

3. Classification of Matter
PURE SUBSTANCES
MIXTURES
ELEMENTS
i.e: H, O, C
COMPOUNDS
i.e: H2O, NaCl
HOMOGENOUS
(solution)
i.e: H2O + salt
HETEROGENOUS
(Mech. Mixture)
i.e: H2O + raisins
Can combine to form

4. Physical Properties
We use physical and chemical properties to describe all matter.
Physical Properties: Properties that can be observed using our 5 senses.
It is a description of a substance that can be made without changing the substance.

5. Examples include: State (solid, liquid or gas) Colour
Texture (rough or smooth?)
Lustre (shiny or dull?)
Clarity (clear, cloudy or opaque?)
Viscosity (viscous or less viscous?)
Hardness (easily scratched?)
Malleable (can it be hammered into sheets or molded?)
Ductile (can it be pulled into a wire?)
Electrical conductivity (does electrical current flow through it?)
Density (amount of mass per volume)

6. Types of Physical Properties
Quantitative: Are physical properties that can be measured:
i.e: Boiling point, melting point, density
Qualitative: Are physical properties that can only be described.
i.e: Color, shape, texture

7. Chemical Properties
Properties that describe how a substance reacts in the presence of another.
A description of a substance that is determined when the composition of the substance is changed.

8. Physical & Chemical Changes
Chemists classify changes in matter into two categories:
Physical changes: No new substance is produced.
New properties may appear, but the original particles are unchanged.
Chemical changes: Starting substance is changed to something new that shows new properties not seen before.

9. Physical Changes
The matter involved can experience a change in one of the following criteria:
Change in SIZE (cutting a gold block in half)
Change in SHAPE (making a paper airplane)
Change in STATE (ice cube melting)
Making a SOLUTION (salt dissolved in water)
No new substance is made, and all changes are reversible.

10. Chemical Changes
The matter involved can experience a change in one of the following criteria:
Change in COLOUR (iron nail producing red rust)
Change in ODOUR (garbage rotting)
Change in TEMPERATURE (cold pack)
LIGHT IS GIVEN OFF (fire-fly)
BUBBLES OF A GAS are formed (bubbles not caused by heat)
NEW SOLID is made from mixing two solutions (precipitate)
Chemical changes are difficult to impossible to reverse.

11. Homework
P.178 #2, 3, 5-10