1. IAOPA
29th IAOPA World Assembly Queenstown, NZ March Pacific Regional Meeting: Technology and GA

2. Pacific Regional Meeting
Technology and GA
Pacific Regional Meeting

3. Pacific Regional Meeting: Technology and GA Andrew Andersen, Australia
IAOPA 29th World Assembly
Pacific Regional Meeting: Technology and GA Andrew Andersen, Australia
Objective: to discuss key technology developments and enabled capability and implications that are relevant to General Aviation
Topics:
Wireless data in GA, esp links between GNSS navigators and EFBs (“convergence”)
Potential for TSO C199 outside USA and recent integrated ADS-B products
ADS-B IN for air-air, including remotely piloted aircraft surveillance
Digital forms for weather forecasts, especially winds aloft and area forecasts
Possibilities for clearance delivery using EFB messaging
Non-TSO avionics, FAR 23 and NORSEE
PBN APV approaches and SBAS.

4. Pacific Regional Meeting: Technology and GA
IAOPA 29th World Assembly
Pacific Regional Meeting: Technology and GA
Wireless data in GA, esp links between GNSS navigators and EFBs (“convergence”)
New GNSS navigation systems from Garmin and Avidyne feature wireless technology to allow handheld personal devices to send/receive data from those systems using Bluetooth and WiFi technology
Most useful for: flight plan entry, database updates, traffic information, attitude data
Weather and rebroadcast traffic not usable outside USA (requires UAT)
Limited by supported EFB apps:
Garmin: currently only Garmin Pilot (tablet app) and ForeFlight are supported
Avidyne: supports Avidyne IFD100 (tablet app), Avidyne MK10 wireless keyboard, ForeFlight, FlightPlanGO, FlyQ, OzRunways, AvPlan EFB, Jeppesen Mobile Flight Deck, Cloud Ahoy & AeroGlass.
Likely that more open interfaces and exchange will eventually develop
Potential for inconvenience (for example, a WiFi connection might prevent use of cellular mobile traffic and weather data).

5. Pacific Regional Meeting: Technology and GA
IAOPA 29th World Assembly
Pacific Regional Meeting: Technology and GA
Potential for TSO C199 outside USA and recent integrated ADS-B products
Appareo Stratus ESG, Garmin GTX 335/335R with inbuilt GPS option & L3 Lynx NGT-9000 eliminate need to upgrade aircraft GNSS for 1090 ADS-B: especially valuable with earlier G1000 installations with TSO C129a (GIA 63) navigation systems or where TSO C146 navigator not desired. Major reduction in rule-compliant ADS-B equipage costs outside USA where UAT is not supported.
FAA TSO C199 intended for “non-rule” US aircraft (gliders and recreational aircraft outside controlled airspace) allows commercial GPS: contains provisions for SIL parameter to be set to 1: could be used to provide ATC visibility of such aircraft outside USA. Offers potential for low-cost, TCAS-compatible ADS-B for VFR aircraft, especially in recreational sector. Unlikely to ever be accepted for separation purposes, but could be considered similar to a VFR 1200 transponder squawk. CASA Australia has conducted consultation after recommendations from ASTRA.

6. 1090ES ADS-B transponders with integrated GPS
IAOPA 29th World Assembly
Pacific Regional Meeting: Technology and GA
1090ES ADS-B transponders with integrated GPS

7. Pacific Regional Meeting: Technology and GA
IAOPA 29th World Assembly
Pacific Regional Meeting: Technology and GA
ADS-B IN for air-air, including remotely piloted aircraft surveillance
ADS-B IN has not been mandated anywhere yet (and we don’t want that)
Nevertheless, ADS-B IN will eventually offer significant traffic awareness capability:
Currently in USA through rebroadcast of ground-received radar and ADS-B data
Currently in Australia and New Zealand through EFB traffic displays delivered as cellular mobile data, though these are generally limited to users of same service provider
Retrofit solutions available, and offer longer range and better accuracy, but still evolving:
Display symbology limitations and more than one system (separate TAS and ADS-B IN inputs) unsupported
Existing Avidyne TAS system upgrade product incomplete
Airline avionics merged TCAS and ADS-B IN only just emerging.
ADS-B IN based Traffic Situation Awareness with Alerting Application (TSAA) application defined in TSO C195b, available in new Garmin GTS 800 and L3 Lynx avionics now, way better than TSO C147 TAS systems
1090 ADS-B IN major technology direction for FLARM (glider) replacement products
1090 ADS-B likely technology for RPA (for example uAvionix).

8. Pacific Regional Meeting: Technology and GA
IAOPA 29th World Assembly
Pacific Regional Meeting: Technology and GA
Digital forms for weather forecasts, especially winds aloft and area forecasts
Weather service providers have typically retained underlying data and provide access only to final product, often in graphic image or .pdf text form, which limits usability in EFB and related software
Winds Aloft (enroute winds at altitude) data has been available from other sources (WAFS) for some time
Bureau of Meteorology Australia is now providing EFB apps and flight planning software service providers with access to XML:
Grid Point Wind and Temperature data (winds aloft)
New Graphical Area Forecast.

9. Pacific Regional Meeting: Technology and GA
IAOPA 29th World Assembly
Pacific Regional Meeting: Technology and GA
Possibilities for clearance delivery using EFB messaging
Delivery of IFR clearances at GA airports can be problematic:
Ground controller workload
Coordination requirements within and between busy TCUs and Towers
Interpretation and read-back difficulties congests frequencies and can lead to delays.
Raised possibility of an EFB-based delivery mechanism similar to Pre-Departure Clearance (PDC) at major airports:
Fail-safe, if not received: clearance can be delivered verbally as before
Efficient, if received: pilot reads clearance back from EFB
Difficulties in gaining priority and some reluctance by other sectors to engage
EFB service providers could become AFTN participants for their customers.
Related: future of pilot briefing services, ANSPs, agency and commercial service providers, especially as briefing systems age and fail to keep up with web technologies.
there should be an app for that!

10. Pacific Regional Meeting: Technology and GA
IAOPA 29th World Assembly
Pacific Regional Meeting: Technology and GA
Non-TSO avionics, FAR 23 and NORSEE
FAA approval of non-TSO’d avionics product STC is a welcome development that brings immediate relief:
Certification basis: ASTM Standard Specification for Verification of Avionics Systems
FAA and EASA
Garmin G5 “electronic flight instrument”
Dynon EFIS-D10A and EFIS-D100
Much lower cost.
FAR 23 rewrite will reduce the cost of future products
NORSEE (Non-Required Safety Enhancing Equipment) offers immediate options in specialized areas (for example, angle of attack indicators) and future potential
To be useful outside USA and Europe, engagement with national CAAs may be necessary.

11. Pacific Regional Meeting: Technology and GA
IAOPA 29th World Assembly
Pacific Regional Meeting: Technology and GA
PBN APV approaches and SBAS
PBN LNAV/VNAV based on Baro-VNAV is the only APV option in non-SBAS countries
Baro-VNAV retrofits are not practicable in anything smaller than a KingAir
Even many business jets are not Baro-VNAV capable
SBAS is the solution for LPV for GA: Australia-New Zealand SBAS trial has commenced of ICAO-standard SBAS, PPP and SBAS-2
“SBAS-2” (based on Dual Constellation Multi-Frequency) is not a usable option for aviation in this decade or the next
GA avionics are a long way off (there is no RTCA DO yet)
Might be attractive to some, due to the need for fewer ground reference stations
Aviation industry engagement is critical to succeed.
LNAV+V available in many aircraft outside USA, but must not to be confused with LNAV/VNAV.

12. Questions and discussion welcome! Thank you for participating.
IAOPA 29th World Assembly
Pacific Regional Meeting: Technology and GA
Questions and discussion welcome! Thank you for participating.