1. BEAR DOWN! EXPECT EXCELLENCE!

2. Macromolecules

3. Enzyme Structure and Function
Enzymes are catalysts that speed up chemical reactions.
Biological Catalysts

4. Enzyme Graphs

5. Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic Cells

6. Plant vs Animal Cell Don’t forget the 3 C’s:
cell wall, chloroplast, central vacuole

7. Cell Organelles
You must be able to explain how all these organelles and their functions allow organisms to stay alive.
How do they work as a system to maintain homeostasis?

8. Cell Membrane and Cell Transport

9. Passive Transport: Diffusion, Osmosis, Facilitated Diffusion
Water is pink, solute purple.
Water moves hypotonic to hypertonic.

10. SB3 Organisms

11. ATP- used for cellular work created during cellular respiration in the mitochondria.
EnergyStored
Energy Released + P P - P

12. Photosynthesis Equation
Reactants
Products
6 CO H2O + light
C6H1 2O O2
CO2
H20
Calvin Cycle
Light-dependent Reactions
ATP NADPH O2
Glucose

14. Relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration
Relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration. Know the inputs and outputs.

15. Mitosis vs Meiosis

16. Which is Better? It depends!
Asexual Reproduction
advantages
does not require special cells or a lot of energy
can produce offspring quickly
in a stable environment creates large, thriving population
disadvantages
limited ability to adapt
face massive die-off if environment changes
Sexual Reproduction
advantages
lots of variation within a species
able to live in a variety of environmental settings
able to adapt to changes in the environment
disadvantages
needs time & energy
produce small populations

17. SB2 Genetics

19. DNA vs RNA Structure

20. Replication Chargaff’s Rules: A = T C = G
From beginning to the end of replication. You use one old strand of DNA to get 2 new strands of DNA.
The new strands are ½ old and ½ new which is termed semi-conservative.
Chargaff’s Rules:
A = T
C = G
If there is 30% A how much T do you have?
Enzymes: DNA Helicase- breaks hydrogen bonds
DNA Polymerase- adds complementary bases
DNA Ligase- puts the new strands back together.

21. Transcription and Translation

22. Mutations

23. Role of Meiosis in genetic variability using Mendel’s Laws
1. Law of Dominance
States when alternate forms of a gene are both present the individual will express the gene that is dominant
2. Law of Segregation
States that chromosomes containing the parental genes randomly segregate during meiosis producing gametes that contain one copy of each parental gene
3. Law of Independent Assortment
States that genes for different traits are sorted independently from one another during meiosis. The inheritance of 1 trait does in not dependent on the inheritance of another

24. Mutations-Good or Bad???
Mutations are the ultimate source of genetic variation of living things!!!!!!
Mutations can also be harmful.

26. Taxonomy

28. SB4 Ecology

29. Levels of Organization in the Biosphere

30. Food Chain and Food Web

31. Energy Pyramid

32. The Water Cycle

33. The Carbon Cycle
images/carboncycle.jpg

34. The Nitrogen Cycle N2 Plants produce carbohydrates Ammonia
Nitrogen Fixation

35. The Nitrogen Cycle N2
Ammonia
Decomposition
Denitrification

37. Plant Tropisms

38. Human Impact on the Environment
Air Pollution Acid Rain Smog Global Warming Ozone Depletion Water Pollution Eutrophication

39. SB5 Evolution

40. Rates of Evolution

41. Charles Darwin and Natural Selection

43. Bacteria and Resistance

44. Evidence for Evolution