1. War Breaks Out in Europe World War I
Chapter 23 Section 1
War Breaks Out in Europe
World War I

2. Militarism Alliances Nationalism Imperialism Assassination
Causes of WWI - MANIA
Militarism
Alliances
Nationalism
Imperialism
Assassination

3. 1910-1914 Increase in Defense Expenditures
Militarism
Belief that a nation needs strong military
It is also a glorification of the military and war itself
Increase in Defense Expenditures
France
10%
Britain
13%
Russia
39%
Germany
73%

4. Alliances
Signed treaties in which each nation involved pledges to defend the other if attacked by an aggressor
Basically, countries agreed to help each other

6. Nationalism Pride and patriotism in one’s nation
In terms of WWI, nationalism became aggressive and because of this a major cause of international tension
Independent nations desired dominance and prestige
rivalries may be regarded as one of the causes of the First World War

7. Imperialism
Domination by one country over the political, economic, or cultural life of another country or region
Due to the Industrial Revolution of the 1800s, some European nations had a large portion of the world under their control

9. Causes of World War I
Militarism – Belief that a nation needs strong military. Europeans built up their armies and navies enormously
Alliances – Entangled network of alliances, meaning an attack on one nation would bring all of its allies to its aid. Small conflicts could become larger war.
Nationalism – Europeans were nationalistic – meaning they had feelings of pride and loyalty. Desire to prove their nation was best.
Imperialism – European countries competed for colonies in Africa and Asia. Germany felt it deserved more colonies.

10. Assassination The “spark” that started WWI
On June 28, 1914 Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to the Austria Hungarian Throne was assassinated by Gavrilo Princip, a Serbian nationalist who believed that Bosnia should belong to Serbia

11. Assassination of the Archduke
Archduke Franz Ferdinand (Austria-Hungary) assassinated by Gavrilo Princip (Serbian) while visiting Sarajevo
Austria-Hungary issues ultimatum to Serbia – then declares war on Serbia

12. Archduke Franz Ferdinand and Duchess Sophie at Bosnia, on June 28, 1914

13. Gavrilo Princip after his assassination of Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand

14. The Point of No Return
Austria blamed Serbia for Ferdinand’s death and declared war on Serbia.
Germany pledged their support for Austria -Hungary.
Russia pledged their support for Serbia.

15. Germany declares war on Russia
France pledges their support for Russia
Germany declares war on France
Germany invades Belgium on the way to France
Great Britain supports Belgium and declares war on Germany

16. Steps Toward World War I
June 28, Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary, assassinated by a young Serbian man.
July 28 – Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia
July 30 – Russia (Serbia’s ally) mobilizes armed forces
August 1 – Germany (Austria-Hungary’s ally) declares war on Russia
August 3 – Germany declares war on France (Russia’s ally); prepares invasion of Belgium
August 4 – Britain, pledging to protect Belgium, declares war on Germany
August 6 – Austria-Hungary declares war on Russia
August 12 – France and Britain declare war on Austria-Hungary

17. Sides are set…
Central Powers – Austria-Hungary, Germany, Ottoman Empire, Bulgaria
Allied Powers – Serbia, Russia, France, Great Britain, Italy, seven others

18. The Alliance System
Triple Entente:
Triple Alliance:

19. Two Armed Camps!
Allied Powers:
Central Powers:

20. The War Begins Speedy war expected (“We’ll be home by Christmas”)
War of “glory” expected
All had belief in victory – “God is on our side”

21. German Poster

22. Schlieffen Plan:
Germany would attack fast by going through neutral Belgium along the coast and defeat France quickly
Then take on Russia in the East.
Germany did NOT want to fight a war on two fronts!

23. The reality of War – The Western Front
Hopes of quick war gives way to stalemate along the Western Front – Trench Warfare
Soldiers fought each other from dug out trenches
Would storm each other’s trenches
Very bloody and each side would gain very little land
Advanced about one mile per month

24. The Western Front

25. Trench Conditions Trenches were infested by rats and disease
Dead bodies littered the ground
Food was scarce and sleep was almost impossible due to constant artillery blasts

26. “The men slept in mud, washed in mud, ate mud, and dreamed mud”

27. Trench Warfare

30. “No Man’s Land”

31. Homework ¾ Page hand-written
Research Trench Warfare
Gain a feeling for what it was like living, sleeping, and fighting in these trenches for both sides
Write a letter to loved one from the trenches
Explaining your surroundings and overall feelings during this experience (see? smell? hear? taste? feel?)
Compare and contrast how you thought the war would be to how it really is