1. + ESTERIFICATION O C C C C C O C C C C C H H H H H OH H O H H H H H H
THE DOTTED WHITE LINE SHOWS WHERE THE NEW BOND FORMS H H H H H C C C OH
H O C C H H H H H
PROPANOIC ACID
ETHANOL O H H H H H C C C O C C H +
HOH H H H H
ESTER LINKAGE
ACID PART
ALCOHOL PART
ALCOHOL PART
ACID PART
ETHYL PROPIONATE

2. EACH C HAS 4 BONDS, EACH H ONLY 1, EACH HALOGEN ONLY 1
ADDITION (ALKENE)
2-BUTENE (CNH2N)
BROMINE H H H H
REMEMBER
EACH C HAS 4 BONDS, EACH H ONLY 1, EACH HALOGEN ONLY 1 +
Br2 H C C C C H ! H H
2,3 DIBRIMO BUTANE H H Br H H H H H
SAME AS H C C C C H H C C C C H ! H Br H H H Br Br H
2,3 DIBRIMO BUTANE, THESE STRUCTURES ARE NOT ISOMERS, THEY ARE THE SAME, THE SINGLE BOND ROTATES.

3. + ADDITION (ALKYNE) C C C C C C C C C C C C H H Br2 H H H H H Br H H H
2-BUTYNE(CNH2N-2)
BROMINE H H +
Br2 H C C C C H H H
THE CIS AND TRANS ISOMERS ARE NOT INTERCHANGEABLE, THERE IS NO ROTATION OF DOUBLE BONDS
2,3 DIBRIMO BUTANE H Br H H H H C C C C H H C C C C H H Br H H Br Br H
CIS ISOMER
TRANS ISOMER

4. ! + SUBSTITUTION (ALKANE) C C C C C C C C C C C C H H H H Br2 H H H H
BUTANE(CNH2N+2)
BROMINE H H H H +
Br2 H C C C C H H H H H
REMEMBER
A MIXTURE OF ISOMERS MAY BE OBTAINED IN SUBSTITUTION.
3 BROMO BUTANE
1 BROMO BUTANE ! H H H H H H H H H C C C C H H C C C C H H H H Br H Br H H