1. February 10, 2015 Goal: Identify the properties of minerals
Pick up paper
Open to Minerals Notes and homework (back)
Write HW: Do Quiz Review
Quiz Thursday: Weathering, Erosion, Minerals
Extra Credit Black Scientist posters due Friday
DO NOW:
Using notes and reading you picked up,
Complete the back!

2. 1. Two Most Common Elements in Earth’s Crust?

3. 1a. Water makes up ¾ of earth surface
1a. Water makes up ¾ of earth surface. So Hydrogen isn’t as common in Crust, it’s in oceans!!

4. What is a Mineral? Minerals make up rocks
2. A mineral is a naturally occurring, inorganic, solid, that has a crystal structure & a definite chemical composition.
Example: Quartz
What is a mineral?
Naturally-occurring = Never man-made
Ex: Like rocks

5. Inorganic = the mineral cannot come from things that were once living
“Non Example”: Coal – it is organic because it comes from plants that lived millions of years ago.

6. Set Chemical Composition
Quartz:
Chemical Formula
SiO2
What elements? How many atoms?

7. Color 2a. Color can’t be used alone to
find the identity of the mineral.
Because Some minerals come
in many colors.
Reliable only with
metallic minerals.
They have a distinctive color
when tarnished.
Ex. Bromide tarnishes to an iridescent color.

8. Cleavage One way minerals break Easily split along flat surfaces
Ex: Mica & Halite

10. Fracture Another way minerals break Break unevenly in irregular ways
Chipped
Shell-like Ex: Quartz
Jagged points Ex: Copper & Iron
Crumbles Ex: Clay

11. Lead
Quartz

12. Mohs Hardness Scale Hardness can be tested by a Scratch Test
A scale that ranks 10 minerals from softest to hardest. You can compare unknown minerals to the minerals on this scale
Hardness can be tested by a Scratch Test
A mineral can scratch any softer mineral
Mineral can be scratched by any harder mineral
Minerals that have the SAME hardness can scratch each other.

13. 3. Which marterial is harder, calcite or copper penny?
Penny has hardness of 3.3
COPPER PENNY!
3a. Hardest mineral:
Diamond
Softest Mineral: Talc

14. Luster
Luster describes how light is reflected from the mineral’s surface. What the mineral looks like.

15. Types of Luster Metallic Ex: Galena Glassy Ex: Topaz
Waxy, Greasy, Pearly Ex: Talc
Dull Ex: Graphite
Silky Ex: Malachite
Earthy Ex: Hematite

16. Streak Test
4. The color of the mineral’s powder in a powder form is called: STREAK.
That’s what is left behind when it is rubbed across a rough surface
Example: Pyrite (aka “fool’s gold”) looks like gold, but its streak looks greenish-black

17. Solid
Atoms are arranged in a definite pattern. This repeating pattern is called a crystal.
Not a liquid or a gas!

18. 5. How do CRYSTAL STRUCTURES grow?

19. 5. CRYSTAL STRUCTURES grow as atoms are added to its surfaces, edges or corners.

20. Chemical properties
Chemical properties refer to how the mineral reacts with an acid.
Example: Calcite (CaCO3), the main mineral in limestone and marble, bubbles when hydrochloric acid is placed on it.
CaCO3 and HCl

21. 6. Melted Rock Material in the Earth
Is called MAGMA
6a. It forms minerals as it cools and atoms arrange into orderly structures.

22. 7. Tetra means four and hedron means side, so tetrahedron means: FOUR SIDES.
7a. The elements that are bonded together to create silicates are oxygen and silicon.

24. .

25. After You Read: What is similar and different about cleavage and fracture?

26. Cleavage One way minerals break Easily split along flat surfaces
Ex: Mica & Halite

27. Fracture another way minerals break Break unevenly in irregular ways
Chipped
Shell-like Ex: Quartz
Jagged points Ex: Copper & Iron
Crumbles Ex: Clay

28. What are the Physical Properties of Minerals?
Physical Properties include “tests” you can perform on minerals to determine what type of mineral they might be. These include:

29. Physical Properties Identify Minerals
Crystal Structure
Color
Cleavage
Luster
Streak
Fracture
Hardness

30. What is a Mineral? Minerals make up rocks
A mineral is a naturally occurring, inorganic solid that has a crystal structure & a definite chemical composition.
Example: Quartz
What is a mineral?
Naturally-occurring = Never man-made
Ex: Like rocks

31. Lab #9: Mineral Identification
Read introduction.
Fill in heading, answer Problem.
Problem: What methods can you use to identify minerals?

32. Identifying Minerals Using Color and Luster
Read background information in group.
Answer questions 1-5.
One person bring WS to Mrs. Procario to check.
Pick up mineral samples.
Be careful with them!
5. Write # of sample (see mineral)
and identify color and luster.
One person hand in worksheet for your group.
(make sure all names are on it)
7. Return mineral samples.

33. 3. Density It’s a calculation (math problem!)
Use a balance to find the mass
Place the mineral in H2O to find the amount of water it displaces. This amount is the volume of the mineral.
To find the density, divide mass by volume
Ex: Sample of Olivine
Mass = 237 g Volume = 72 cm3
Density = 237 g/ 72 cm3 = 3.3 g/cm3

34. Science Standard S6E5. How Earth’s surface forms
b. Minerals make rocks
EX: Granite may be made of many different minerals (feldspar, mica, hornblende, quartz)
c. Rocks are classified by how they are formed
EX: Igneous rocks form from magma/lava cooling
d. Different processes change rock & the surface of the Earth
EX: Weathering & Erosion break down rocks & move them to new places