1. Where do people move? Where do they go? Why?
Movement
Where do people move? Where do they go?
Why?

2. Out of Africa – Early Man

3. What do we know? How do we know it?
Using Mitochondrial DNA (passed by mother unchanged to offspring) and
Y Chromosome
Archaeological Sites
Knowledge of climate/ice ages

6. Who lived here? Why? Why did they leave?

8. Mesa Verde – AD
Pull Factors?
Push Factors?

9. Mesa Verde – Push Factors
Drought
Overfarming
Deforestation
Warring tribes?
How do we know?
Oral History
Evidence of Cannibalism
Carbon dating
DNA

10. What do you know about this group?
Where did they go? What was their purpose?

11. The Viking – Pull Factors
Trade had finally recovered following the Fall of the Roman Empire
Monasteries/Churches were sources of wealth
Offered bribes to go away
Offered Land to stay
Conquest and Rule

12. The Vikings – Push Factors
Unemployment – especially young men
Not enough arable land
Culture glorified battle and victory
Norse Gods were warriors

14. How do we know? Primary sources (attack on monastery at Lindisfarne)
Language
Genetics

15. What are the Push/Pull Factors?

16. Wave One of Migration Colonial Period
Most immigrants came from Northwest Europe and especially England
Push Factors?
Lack of religious freedom
Lack of land for farming
Lack of ability to own land
In Jail/debtors prison
Poverty

17. Pull Factors Land for ownership Lack of religious persecution
Adventure
Trade/Opportunity

18. 19th Century Push/Pull Most Immigrants still came from Northern Europe
Many came from Ireland to escape the Potato Famine
Irish tended to stay on the East Coast
Germans tended to travel inland in search of farmland

19. Not all immigration is voluntary

20. 12,000,000 Slaves brought to New World from AFrica
Push?
Pull?

21. What type of worldwide immigration was caused by the Holocaust?

22. Push/Pull Factors Push Pull Displacement
Loss of entire communities and families
Loss of home
Anti-semitism - pogroms
Pull
Freedom from religious persecution
Homeland

23. United States
Israel
400,000 displaced persons
68,000 jews
170,000 displaced persons go to Palestine and Israel

24. Who is this? Push/Pull?
How do we trace?

25. Impact of Gheghis Khan
16,000,000 people today can trace their ancestry to Ghenghis Khan through the Y – chromosome

26. Pull Factors
Job opportunities
Better living conditions
Political and/or religious freedom
Enjoyment
Education
Better medical care
Attractive climates
Security
Family links
Industry
Better chances of marrying

27. Push Factors
Not enough jobs
Few opportunities
Primitive conditions
Desertification
Famine or drought
Political fear or persecution
Slavery or forced labor
Poor medical care
Loss of wealth
Natural disasters
Death threats
Lack of political or religious freedom
Pollution
Poor housing
Landlord/tenant issues
Bullying
Discrimination
Poor chances of marrying
Condemned housing (radon gas, etc.)
War