1. CDR Stephen Markle USN (ret)
Program Manager and Director
Electric Ships Office
NAVSEA PMS 320

2. US Navy Ship Power Systems: The Leap Forward National Shipbuilding Research Program – All Panel 13 March 2019
Mr. Stephen P. Markle, PE
Director and Program Manager Electric Ships Office (PMS320)
Distribution Statement A: Approved for Public Release: Distribution is unlimited.
CREATING 21ST CENTURY SOLUTIONS FOR NAVAL MAINTENANCE

3. Power System Considerations
“I’m going to buy as much as I can afford. As much power as I can afford. Because I know by the time I retire the ship I’ll use it all.”
Admiral John Richardson
31st U.S. Chief of Naval Operations Directed Energy Summit I March 29, 2017
Buy as much power as you can afford
Power (esp. with electric propulsion) is fundamental to ship design and affects major components, arrangements, superstructure, compartmentalization, & ship control
The power system must include a better approach to distribution flexibility throughout the ship’s service life; current design practices optimize for current requirements
DDG 1000 has plenty of installed power but a distribution system limited to current requirements
DDG 51 Flight III includes a costly power system upgrade for AMDR that was not in the original design
Follow & Inform the N96 Surface Capability Evolution Plan (SCEP)
The Electric Power System is the Foundation of the Ship’s Kill Chain
CREATING 21ST CENTURY SOLUTIONS FOR NAVAL MAINTENANCE

4. Evolution of the next large surface combatant…
FUTURE FORCE STRUCTURE
“The prioritized shipbuilding plan assigns the highest priority to frontline combat platforms, affording the opportunity to quickly adopt new capabilities in response to emerging disruptive
capabilities…”
Annual Long-Range Plan for Construction of Naval Vessels (2019)
DISRUPTIVE TECHNOLOGY
High energy weapons and sensors required to pace technology, outpace adversaries, and maintain maritime dominance
Maintain flexibility to rapidly introduce new mission systems
Naval Directed Energy Weapons and Sensors
Weapon Demand
Sensor Demand EW
Demand
Mission Capability
Key to Disruptive Technology is an Agile Power System…
CREATING 21ST CENTURY SOLUTIONS FOR NAVAL MAINTENANCE

5. Directed Energy Mission System Power Demands
Power = Energy/Time or Energy = Power x Time
Current
Future
Generator Response to Load
TIME
Kinetic Weapons
Generators operate at continuous loading for efficiency & reliability
Current generators cannot respond quickly and dynamically to new demands
Energy Storage Response to Load
ENERGY STORAGE PROVIDES
PULSE POWER
GENERATOR CHARGES ENERGY STORAGE
TIME
Directed Energy Weapons and Sensors
Pulses of a different nature require different ranges of pulse power technologies
Future directed energy demands need common large scale energy storage
Sensor Demand
POWER
Mission Capability
POWER
Sensor Demand
Weapon Demand
EW Demand ?
Future Demands
Key to Success = Energy Storage and Advanced Controls
CREATING 21ST CENTURY SOLUTIONS FOR NAVAL MAINTENANCE

6. Path to Future Power and Energy are the Foundation of the Kill Chain
Shared energy storage for new dynamic loads
Minimize space, weight and cooling impacts
Utilize all shipboard energy to produce useful power
Path to the future
Shift the power interface
Develop a common intermediate power and energy system
Advance Fully Integrated Power and Energy Systems
MIL-STD- LVDC/MVDC
ENERGY MAGAZINE
IPES
Validation
Back fit / Forward fit
New Ship Design
CREATING 21ST CENTURY SOLUTIONS FOR NAVAL MAINTENANCE

7. The Guidebook: NPES TDR
Naval Power and Energy Systems Technology Development Roadmap
Aligned to the Navy’s 30 year shipbuilding plan and Surface Capability Evolution Plan (SCEP)
Serves as a guide for future investment by Navy, DoD, Industry, and Academia
Includes all major product areas for Naval Power Systems
Prime Movers
Generators
Energy Storage
Electric Motors
Distribution Systems
Power Converters
Controls
Thermal Management
Originally issued in 2007, updated and re-issued in 2013, 2015 and 2019
Planned NPES BAA Announcement FY19Q2
CREATING 21ST CENTURY SOLUTIONS FOR NAVAL MAINTENANCE

8. Required Initiatives (2019 – 2037)
Reference: Figure 6 pg NPES TDR
CREATING 21ST CENTURY SOLUTIONS FOR NAVAL MAINTENANCE

9. NPES TDR: Power Converter Metrics
Naval Power & Energy Systems Technology Development Roadmap
Navy Power & Energy R&D Enterprise Way Forward
Guide for Investment Decisions
Government
Industry
Development Targets
Metrics
Benchmark
Near Term
Mid Term
Low Power Converter
Nominal Power Level
Cabinet Power Density
Efficiency
Interface-1 Voltages
Interface-2 Voltages
3 MW
0.25 MW/m3 96%
4.16kVAC, 450VAC
1kVDC
800 kW – 4 MW
MW/m3 98%
13.8kV, 4.16kV, 450VAC,
12kVDC, 6kVDC, 1kVDC
kVDC MW
1.25 – 2MW/m %
6, 12, 18kVDC
450VAC, 4.16kVAC, 13.8KVAC
kVDC, 6, 12kVDC
High Power
- Nominal Power Level
34MW
Scalable to MW MW
Converter
- Cabinet Power Density
0.45 MW/m3
MW/m3
1.25 – 2MW/m3
- Efficiency
96%
98% %
- Interface-1 Voltages
4.16kVAC
6, 12, 18kVDC,
4.16kVAC, 13.8KVAC
- Interface-2 Voltages -
6, 12kVDC
CREATING 21ST CENTURY SOLUTIONS FOR NAVAL MAINTENANCE

10. Shifting the Interface
Energy Magazine Bridges the path to the Future with Back-fit Installations
Intermediate Navy
Uses Current and Future Naval Interfaces
Energy Storage Types & Functions
SEWIP
Block III
Future
Systems
SSL-TM & HELIOS
AMDR
Load Balancing
UPS Reduction
Energy Magazine
375V DC 650V DC 1000V DC
FUTURE INTERFACE: MIL-STD 1399 LVDC/MVDC (draft)
Backup Power
Power Quality and Control
Energy Magazine
Power Conversion & Controls
Energy Storage
Interface Control Document (ICD) development by
PMS 320
FUTURE INTERFACE: MIL-STD 1399 LVDC/MVDC (draft)
CURRENT INTERFACE: MIL-STD 1399 (440VAC)
Electrical Distribution
CREATING 21ST CENTURY SOLUTIONS FOR NAVAL MAINTENANCE

11. Energy Magazine: Leveraging 6 Years of Investment
Upgrade for Shipboard Use
Energy Magazine
2013: Energy Storage Module-Land (ESM-L): Proof of Concept for SSL-TM Land Demo Testing Lead acid battery based technology in 28’ conex box
2019: Energy Storage Module-Ship (ESM-S): Second ESM Unit Modified for SSL-TM on LPD 27 Enables 4 min of SSL operation
Define internal interfaces
Power Electronics
Energy Storage
2018: Energy Magazine Laser (EM-L) ESM Capability in 1/10 the size with lithium batteries
Supports Laser Engagement Profiles
2021: Energy Magazine Prototype (EM-P) Separate the interface between Power Electronics and Batteries
Leverage early investment
2019: Multi-function Energy Storage Module (MFESM)
Power Electronics with Hybridized Energy Storage: Batteries + Capacitors
2020: Combined Energy Magazine (EM)
Early Transition of MFESM
Batteries with Energy Magazine Laser Prototype
CREATING 21ST CENTURY SOLUTIONS FOR NAVAL MAINTENANCE

12. Energy Magazine (EM) – RFI 02 JAN 19
Request for Information for Multi-Application Shipboard Energy Magazine Requirements Development
Solicitation Number: N R-4112
Agency: Department of the Navy
Office: Naval Sea Systems Command
Location: NAVSEA HQ
□ RFI N R4112 released on
Responses requested by
Responses received after this date will be entertained
RFI included a review of functional requirements and the following:
Technical Scope and Functional Questions
Statement of Work and Schedule Related Questions
Business Processes and Approach Questions
Small Business Interest
“The Navy is interested in the applications for higher voltage Silicon-Carbide (SiC) wide band-gap devices and how they improve power electronics performance. How would the application of SiC devices impact the design performance for the Energy Magazine and what would be negative factors which would lead to not applying this technology? “ Reference: Question: A6
CREATING 21ST CENTURY SOLUTIONS FOR NAVAL MAINTENANCE

13. Future Surface Combatant Force: Large Surface Combatant
Request for Information for Large Surface Combatant Shipbuilders Requirements Development
Solicitation Number: N00024-FY19-LSC-001
Agency: Department of the Navy Office: Naval Sea Systems Command Location: NAVSEA HQ
Posted – 15 FEB 2019
Response – 01 APR 2019
URL:
Request for Information for Large Surface Combatant Systems Providers Requirements Development
Solicitation Number: N00024-FY19-LSC-002
URL:
“Background: A requirements analysis process for a Future Surface Combatant Force (FSCF) is being conducted by the U.S. Navy. The Future Surface Combatant Force is envisioned to include Large Surface Combatants (LSC), Small Surface Combatants (SSC), Optionally Manned or Unmanned Surface Vehicles (O/USV) and a common Integrated Combat System (ICS). The Navy is currently developing requirements for a LSC as part of the FSCF vision.
The Navy's LSC Program will be a new acquisition program that will leverage the DDG 51 Flight III combat system while identifying and evaluating the integration of non-developmental mechanical and electrical systems into a new or modified hull design, incorporating platform flexibility and growth opportunities to meet future Fleet requirements…”
CREATING 21ST CENTURY SOLUTIONS FOR NAVAL MAINTENANCE
Distribution Statement A: Approved for Public Release: Distribution is unlimited.

14. IPES: Required for CO to Access Total Ship Power
Integrated Power System (IPS) Architecture: Shares Propulsion Plant with Ship Service
DDG
Gas Tur bine
Electric
Motor
Fuel
Generator
Ship
Service &
Weapons
Evolutionary Approach
Distribution
Distribution
IPES Tactical Advantages:
Flexibility
Maximum Warfighter Control
Future Warfare Capability
Survivability
Limit Casualty Impact and Speed Recovery
Whole Ship Power Backup
Maneuver on “Battery”
Engage Until Last Drop of Fuel Expended
Endurance/Efficiency
Greater Range & Time on Station
mens BlueDrive,
al Offshore Service Vessel (OSV) with BlueDrive
CREATING 21ST CENTURY SOLUTIONS FOR NAVAL MAINTENANCE

15. Things to Work On
Read the 2019 NPES TDR
Answer the LSC RFI’s by 01 April 2019
Knowledge of DC Distribution Systems & the Capability to Design, Build & Test
Terrestrial Best Practices
Cable & Bus Pipe
Fault Protection
Advanced Controls
2007 Shipyard Team Review of Next Generation Integrated Power System Architectures
How far have we moved the ball?
Converter Based Architectures
Common Mode
Grounding
Control
Integration of Energy Storage Into Surface Ships
Do You Have the Specifications & Standards to be Successful?
What is Missing?
Software intensive electric power systems are very difficult…
CREATING 21ST CENTURY SOLUTIONS FOR NAVAL MAINTENANCE

16. Program Manager Thoughts
Fruits of multiple investments in warfighting technology are maturing in near future
Power system attributes driven by ship’s warfighting missions
• Markle Crystal Ball • Technological enablers for the future:
• Stable Bus servicing highly dynamic DC • Expanded use of M&S to include heavy loads reliance on CHIL and PHIL
• 12 kVDC IPES Emulation at FSU CAPS
• Marriage between Combat Systems and FY19
Machinery Control Systems • 12 kVDC power generation and
• “Active State Anticipation” distribution
• Dual-wound variable speed prime movers
• Uninterruptable Stable Back Up Power • Efficient low loss power conversion
• Flexibility for the Future • High frequency power conversion
• Wide Band Gap Materials (SiC, GaN,
• Total Ship Power Perspective Ga2O3 based devices)
• CO’s ability to direct power where & when • Agile Advanced Controls
needed • Integrated shared and distributed energy
• Transition from AC to DC affordably storage
• Accommodate rapidly evolving mission • Media selected by dynamic responses systems required
• Thermal Electric Power Generation part
• Innovative data analysis  automated of the Holy Grail
decision making • Thermal Management Technologies
• Validated Specifications and Standards
Continued Active Partnership with Academia & Industry is Vital
CREATING 21ST CENTURY SOLUTIONS FOR NAVAL MAINTENANCE

17. CREATING 21ST CENTURY SOLUTIONS FOR NAVAL MAINTENANCE
Distribution Statement A: Approved for Public Release: Distribution is unlimited.