1. Abolitionism
Black Social Thought: Uplift, Race Equality, and Rebellion:
David Walker:
An Appeal… to the Colored Citizens of the World
ridiculed religious pretense of slavery
Justified slave uprisings through Biblical examples
Advocated violence to end slavery
Nat Turner’s Rebellion (1831):
Claimed to have revelations from Jesus
Rebellion in VA that killed 55 whites
60 blacks, including Turner, were killed in retaliation
Slave laws became more harsh
Proposal for gradual emancipation was voted down in VA

2. Abolitionists Evangelical Abolitionism: ***William Lloyd Garrison:***
Radical abolitionist (for his time)
Published The Liberator – called for an immediate and uncompensated end to slavery
“I will not equivocate and I will be heard.”
Called the U.S. Constitution a “covenant with death and an agreement with Hell.”

3. Abolitionists plan to end slavery
Created a 3 prong plan to fight slavery
1. Publicize accounts of realities of slavery
Use passages from the Bible to discredit slavery
Use incriminating evidence from southern newspapers and testimony to demonstrate realities of slavery
2. Aid Fugitive slaves
Underground railroad – Harriet Tubman
3. Political pressure
Petitioned Congress to end slavery in DC
Civil Disobedience – not paying taxes as slavery is expanded into territory gained from Mexico

4. Abolitionism Opposition and Internal Conflict:
There were few true Abolitionists
Many people in the North benefitted from slavery (textile manufacturers, hog farmers)
Amalgamation:
Many whites opposed the intermarriage of whites and blacks
Elijah Lovejoy:
Murdered in Illinois, abolitionist and editor of newspaper
Gag Rule – All anti-slavery petitions in the House would not be discussed; later overturned by JQA

5. The abolitionist movement split over women’s rights
Garrison’s American Anti-Slavery Society supported women’s rights
Opponents of women’s rights formed their own abolitionist organization –
“The American and Foreign Anti-Slavery Society”
A new political party arose from the issue of slavery – The Liberty Party
Opposed slavery in the territories
Nominated James Birney as their Presidential candidate in 1840.

6. The Women’s Rights Movement
Women played a large role in reforming American Society
Origins of the Women’s Movement:
Separate Sphere – expectation that women had different roles in society
Dorothea Dix – mental health reform
Horace Mann – “Father of Education”
Tax-Supported elementary schools
Schools in the South and West were inferior to the North
From Black Rights to Women’s Rights:
Uncle Tom’s Cabin:
Harriet Beecher Stowe – portrayed the evils of slavery
Seneca Falls Convention:
Declaration of Sentiments – “All men and women are created equal”