1. Bellwork 4/12
1. Which process do elk and other Yellowstone animals use to convert energy in their food into ATP?
A. cellular respiration
B. filtration
C. osmosis
D. photosynthesis
2. What directly supplies the energy needed to actively transport sodium ions across the plasma membrane of a cell?
A. DNA
B. ATP
C. enzymes
D. lipids

2. Agenda 4/12- Cellular Respiration
Bellwork
New Information: Cellular Respiration
Lab/Activity: Start virtual lab (cellular respiration and photosynthesis)
HW- finish lab
Cell Energy and Cell Transport Test on Friday

3. ATP - Adenosine Triphosphate
Energy storage molecule
Adenine
Ribose
3 Phosphate groups

4. Formation of ATP ATP stores enough energy for many cellular functions.
ADP
ATP
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
Energy
Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) + Phosphate
Partially
charged
battery
Fully
charged
battery
ATP stores enough energy for many cellular functions.

5. ATP
ATP - Adenosine Triphosphate
Adenine
Ribose
3 Phosphate groups

6. Aerobic Cellular Respiration
C6H12O6 + 6O CO2 + 6H2O + energy (ATP)
Mitochondrion
(In prokaryotes, cellular respiration occurs in the
cytoplasm and cell membrane.)

7. Fermentation (no oxygen)
Cellular Respiration: chemical energy stored in glucose is released by breaking bonds and is transferred into ATP molecules.
Energy for Life Processes
Glucose
Krebs cycle
Electron transport
Glycolysis
Fermentation (no oxygen)
Alcohol or lactic acid

8. Electrons carried in NADH Electron Transport Chain
Cellular Respiration
Electrons carried in NADH
Mitochondrion
Pyruvic acid O2
Electrons in NADH, FADH2
Glucose
Krebs Cycle
Electron Transport Chain
Glycolysis
Cytoplasm
H2O
Mitochondrion
CO2

9. Bellwork

10. Agenda 4/13- Cellular Respiration
Bellwork
New Information: Finish Cellular Respiration notes; Fermentation- how do cells manage to get energy without oxygen?
Lab/Activity: finish virtual lab, finish questions (HW if not done in class)
HW- packet page 112 and back of last page
Test on Friday- study!

11. Electrons carried in NADH Electron Transport Chain
Cellular Respiration
Electrons carried in NADH
Mitochondrion
Pyruvic acid O2
Electrons in NADH, FADH2
Glucose
Krebs Cycle
Electron Transport Chain
Glycolysis
Cytoplasm
H2O
Mitochondrion
CO2

12. Glycolysis 2 ATP Net Gain 2 ATP 4 ATP = Occurs in cytoplasm
Glyco (glucose), lysis (cutting)
2 ATP
Net
Gain
2 ATP
4 ATP =
Glucose
2 Pyruvic acids
Occurs in cytoplasm
To the electron transport chain
NO O2 REQUIRED FOR GLYCOLYSIS!!

13. Glyco (glucose), lysis (cutting) To the electron transport chain
Glycolysis
Glyco (glucose), lysis (cutting)
What’s produced during glycolysis?
2 ATP
2 Pyruvic acids
2 NADH (carrying 2 high energy electrons)
2 ATP
Net
Gain
2 ATP
4 ATP =
Glucose
2 Pyruvic acids
To the electron transport chain 13

14. Fermentation (without oxygen)
C6H12O6 + 6O CO2 + 6H2O + energy (ATP)
If O2 is present, glycolysis leads to AEROBIC cellular respiration (the Krebs aka Citric Acid Cycle and the Electron Transport Chain).
Glucose
Krebs cycle
Electron transport
Glycolysis
AEROBIC cellular respiration
Alcohol or lactic acid
Fermentation (without oxygen)

15. Aerobic Cellular Respiration
C6H12O6 + 6O CO2 + 6H2O + energy (ATP)
Glucose (C6H1206) +
Oxygen (02)
Glycolysis
Citric
Acid
(Krebs) Cycle
Electron Transport Chain
Carbon
Dioxide
(CO2) +
Water (H2O)
ATP

16. 2. NADH and FADH2 (with high energy electrons!) 3. 2 ATP
Kreb’s Cycle
What’s produced during the Krebs Cycle?
1. CO2 (exhaled as waste)
2. NADH and FADH2 (with high energy electrons!)
3. 2 ATP

17. Cellular Respiration
The high-energy electrons produced in glycolysis and the Kreb’s cycle go on the electron transport chain to convert ADP into ATP.
Electrons carried in NADH
Mitochondrion
Pyruvic acid O2
Electrons carried in NADH and FADH2
Glucose
Krebs Cycle
Electron Transport Chain
Glycolysis
Cytoplasm
H2O
Mitochondrion
CO2 17

18. Electron Transport Chain
Net Gain
per Glucose
32 ATPs e- e-
Oxygen - binds with two waste products (2 H+ & 2 electrons) to produce H2O: this is why O2 is essential! e- e- 18

19. Electron Transport Chain
Net Gain
per Glucose
32 ATP
Enzyme- ATP Synthase
Oxygen - binds with two waste products (2 H+ & 2 electrons) to produce H2O: this is why O2 is essential!

20. Electron Transport Chain
What’s produced?
32 ATP
H2O
Oxygen - binds with two waste products (2 H+ & 2 electrons) to produce H2O: this is why O2 is essential! 20

21. ATP - Adenosine Triphosphate
Energy storage molecule
Adenine
Ribose
3 Phosphate groups 21

22. Cellular Respiration Overview (Eukaryotes)
NADH
Pyruvate
NADH, FADH2
Krebs
cycle
Electron
Transport
glycolysis
2 ATP ATP ATP = 36 ATP

24. Agenda 4/14- Cellular Respiration
Bellwork
New Information: Fermentation- how do cells manage to get energy without oxygen?
Lab/Activity: finish lab, finish questions (HW if not done in class); packet
Test on Wednesday- study!

25. Bellwork

26. Cellular Respiration Overview (Eukaryotes)
NADH
Pyruvate
NADH, FADH2
Krebs
cycle
Electron
Transport
glycolysis
2 ATP ATP ATP = 36 ATP

27. Fermentation (no oxygen)
Cellular Respiration: chemical energy stored in glucose is released by breaking bonds and is transferred into ATP molecules.
Energy for Life Processes
Glucose
Krebs cycle
Electron transport
Glycolysis
Fermentation (no oxygen)
Alcohol or lactic acid

28. Overview of Cellular Respiration
Glycolosis
Where:
cytosol (cytoplasm)
Products:
2 pyruvic acid molecules
2 ATP
2 NADH

29. Overview of Cellular Respiration
Krebs Cycle
Only if O2 is present!
Where:
Mitochondrion (matrix)
Products:
2 ATP
NADH and FADH2

30. Overview of Cellular Respiration
Electron Transport Chain
Only happens if O2 present!
Where:
Inner membrane of mitochondrion
Products:
H2O
32 ATP

31. What if no Oxygen is available? Ex: Anaerobic exercise
Only Glycolysis can run.
2 ATP per Glucose molecule.
Only 1/18th or 5% of the energy is produced.
This is why sprinters can’t run forever!

32. Fermentation Occurs when oxygen is absent
Glycolysis produces 2 ATP, doesn’t require oxygen
If no oxygen is present, glycolysis is followed by fermentation
In eukaryotes, lactic acid fermentation or alcoholic fermentation

33. Lactic Acid Fermentation
Pyruvic acid + NADH Lactic acid + NAD+
When the body can’t provide the tissues with enough O2, this process occurs (as during rapid exercise).

34. Alcoholic Fermentation
Pyruvic acid + NADH Alcohol + CO2 + NAD+
Conducted by yeast (causes bread to rise because CO2 produced)

35. So what happens when you exercise?
Why do you breathe? (RESPIRATORY SYSTEM)- 2 reasons
When is O2 used? What forms as a result?

36. Endosymbiotic Theory (Lynn Margulis, 1981)
Mitochondria and chloroplasts may have originated as free-living prokaryotes that lived symbiotically within cells, leading to eukaryotes.
Evidence:
Circular DNA
Two or more cell membranes, with the innermost one similar to prokaryotic cell membranes
Ribosomes

37. Finish Virtual Lab Collect and analyze data.
When you’re done, complete the photosynthesis anticipation guide

38. Compare/Contrast Photosynthesis Cellular Respiration
Energy Storing or Releasing
Products
Reactants
Location