2. Cell Division grow reproduce
The 100 trillion cells of your body are truly amazing, when you think that they all started from a single, fertilized egg. They stand as proof of the ability of human cells to ____________ and ____________________.
grow
reproduce

3. Reproduction generally means to make a ____________ of something
Reproduction generally means to make a ____________ of something. Human reproduction, specifically, is a natural process where humans produce more humans. But, before we get too ahead of ourselves, we must start with the basics…
copy

4. The Cell
The cell is the basic unit life. All _________________ organisms are made up of them. Some organisms are made up of a single cell, while others are made up of trillions of cells, like humans.
living

5. divide Animal cells Plant cells organelles
Cells hold all of the equipment necessary to keep an organism alive. Cells must _________________ to make new cells or the organism would die.
divide
There are two types of cells:
1. ________________
2. ________________
Just like humans have organs to keep them alive, cells have ____________________ to carry out all of their life processes.
Animal cells
Plant cells
organelles

6. Cell Division
As previously stated, human bodies contain trillions of cells. How did we go from a single cell to an entire person with skin, bones, and organs? Our cells had to divide over and over again.

7. Why do cells need to divide?
Healing/repair
Growth
Replacing dead cells
Reproduction

8. Cell Cycle pre-existing
All cells come from _____________________ cells. Any new cell must come from another cell through the process of reproduction. Cells needed for repair, growth, or the maintenance of a species must use cell division.

9. Interphase Mitosis Cytokinesis
Cells live through a sequence of three steps called the cell cycle. The three stages are: 1. 2. 3.
Interphase
Mitosis
Cytokinesis

10. 4692 1. Interphase identical
Before mitosis, during interphase, the cell creates an ____________ set of its chromosomes.
identical
4692

11. 1. Interphase chromatids centromere sister
At the beginning of mitosis the chromosomes wind up into visible objects that can be seen with a light microscope. The chromosomes are now two ________________ joined at the ________________. Since the two chromatids are identical to each other, they are called ______________ chromatids.
chromatids
centromere
sister

12. Chromosomes DNA genetic genes
Chromosomes are made of _________. They carry all of the ____________ information used to help a cell grow, thrive, and reproduce. Segments of DNA in different patterns are called ________. Genes make you who you are.
genetic
genes

13. Mitosis happens in all types of dividing cells in the human body except with sperm and ova. Human body cells contain ________ chromosomes (23 pairs). They are known as ___________ (2n), meaning they have two sets of chromosomes, one from the ____________ and one from the _______________. 46
diploid
mother
father

14. 2. Mitosis
There are four phases of mitosis. Each phase is used to describe what kind of change the cell is going through. The phases are prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase. P M A T

15. Prophase
The chromosomes in the nucleus condense. Pairs of centrioles move to opposite sides of the nucleus. Spindle fibers begin to form and bind to centrioles and centromeres.

16. Metaphase The chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell.
*Remember M for “middle”.

17. Anaphase
The chromosomes are pulled apart by the spindle fibers. The sister chromatids are pulled to opposite sides of the cell.
*Remember A for “away”.

18. Telophase
There is now a complete set of chromosomes at each end of the cell. Spindle fibers begin to disappear. A nuclear membrane forms around each set of chromosomes. The cell starts to divide.

19. 3. Cytokinesis
The cell splits into two identical cells called daughter cells. Each one contains 46 chromosomes, just like the parent cell.