1. 하구및 연안생태Coastal management
2014 년 가을학기

2. Phosphorus cycling residence time is very short in estuary
immobilized by autotrophs and non-autotrophs
more exchange water and anaerobic sediments
sulfide  enhance solubilization of inorganic phosphate
If the water is anoxic, P may enter the water and stimulating the photosynthesis

3. sulfur cycling similar to N cycling
assimilatory S reduction  biomass incorporation
Dissimilatory S reduction : Desulfovibrio : much of the anaerobic carbon and energy flow
Anoxygenic photosynthesis by green and purple sulfur bacteria : energy from H2S and sun light ; tidal flat mats
Chemoautotrophs : Thiobacillus, Beggiatoa

4. Metals in material cycling
manganese, cobalt precipitation by microbes

5. Factors controlling microbial activities
not well known
Light temperature water availability, flow, sediment texture, redox potential, nutrients, toxic substance, competition, predation
Light : indirectly determine oxygen availability
Temperature: increase process rate
Water flow and water availability: most important but not well known; source and residence time
Degree of OM degradation: depend on residence time
Exchange of nutrients between water column and sediments: tidal inundation and velocity of water
Water activity: water available for growth by organisms: decrease with increased salinity and sorption to soils; evaporation decreases water activity for microbes
Texture of substratum: sandy sediment dries faster: smaller microbes; more oxygen penetration

6. Chemical regulatory factors
quantity and quality of nutrients regulate microbial activity
Radio isotope measurements
labile : amino acid, sugars; turn over in a matter of hours
Refractory : cellulose and lignin : month or years : common
it is not clear that which is more important
high C/N ratio in OM ; may require inorganic N for bacterial growth
SO4 is commonly not limiting but may limit in oligohaline estuaries

7. Biological regulatory factors
production of toxic end products by microbes
fatty acids, alcohol, sulfide
Effect of man made toxic material on microbes? : pesticide
effect of competition

8. Other component of ecosystem
primary productivity :
microbes are producers
Make nutrients
Compete with producers for inorganic nutrients
“Secondary primary producers”: chemoautotrophs
Secondary production
Food source for micro, meio, macrofauna
Animals lack cellulolytic lignolytic enzyme; microbes can
“feces” too

9. Disease
plant and animal population is regulated by pathogenity of micro organism
Die off of American oyster : protozoan?
Reduction of eelgrass ; fungus?
Vibrio; human disease

10. Nutrient cycling
microbes are main player

11. Organic detritus what is the source of OD? how it is utilized?
What is it?; different in various researchers
Meaning disintegrate or diminish
“ dead particulate organic matter inhabited by decomposer micro-organism
“ all types of biogenic material which represent a potential energy source”
some one excluded bacteria
“all carbon lost from each trophic level in a nonpredatory pathway”: egestion, excretion, secretion, “nonviolent” mortality, allocthonous carbon

12. Organic detritus DOM POM DOC POC TOC
Seston : suspended matter : living + non-living
Tripton : only non living
Plankton : living

13. Detrial source Allochthonous Autochthonous Into sediments Via burial
Below ground production
Dissolved form : leaching upto 1 g /m2
Particulate form
DOM; turn over; difficult to measure: mix of labile and refractory

14. Scirpus triqueter biomass change and nutrient storage