1. 4/6 Objective: Explain the steps and key players in transcription.
DMA: The four types of nucleotides that make up DNA are named for their____________?

2. 4/16 Objective: Outline the steps and outcome of the Transcription Process.
DMA: What is the Central Dogma of Biology? (write the steps down)

3. Transcription

4. RNA: Ribonucleic Acid Monomer- nucleotide
Nucleotide has 3 parts: phosphate, ribose, base
Adenine, cytosine, guanine, and URACIL
Uracil is used instead of thymine in RNA

5. What are two similarities and two difference between RNA and DNA?

6. Three kinds of RNA:
1. mRNA – messenger RNA (used in transcription and translation)
2. tRNA – transfer RNA (used in translation)
3. rRNA – ribosomal RNA (folds into a ribosome)

7. Central Dogma of Biology
Genetic information flow in one direction
DNA to RNA to Proteins
1. DNA replication
2. Transcription (DNA to RNA)
3. Translation (RNA to protein)

8. Central Dogma

9. Where does Transcription take place in the cell?

10. Transcription - The process of using DNA to make RNA.
-Takes place in the nucleus.
- Only copies one gene at a time.

11. Key enzymes in transcription:
RNA polymerases- enzymes that bond nucleotides together in a chain to make a new RNA molecule.

12. Transcription Steps Initiation:
A. RNA polymerase finds the Promoter region (start site of the gene)
B. RNA polymerase joins with other proteins to form the transcription complex
C. The transcription complex unwinds the DNA double helix

13. What is the transcription complex?
Hint: Look on page 241 in your text

14. Transcription steps
2. Elongation A. The transcription complex travels down one strand matching RNA nucleotides to the DNA template
B. The strand of growing mRNA hangs off of the complex
C. DNA zips back up as the complex moves.

16. How does the base sequence of the RNA transcript being formed compare with the sequence on the template strand?

17. Transcription Steps 3. Termination: B. Releases the mRNA strand
A. RNA polymerase recognizes when it reaches the end of the gene and the Transcription complex falls off.
B. Releases the mRNA strand
C. DNA zips up, stays intact.
D. mRNA is “packaged” for transport out of the nucleus

18. Results of Transcription:
Single-stranded mRNA
One gene is transcribed at a time
Can be repeated hundreds or thousands of times depending on how much protein is needed.

20. What happens to the Rna transcript after it separates from the dna?