1. Functional Groups & Organic Reactions Use Table P, Q, R

2. Vocabulary Review Hydrocarbon Alkane Alkene Alkyne
Saturated Hydrocarbon
Unsaturated Hydrocarbon

3. Isomers
Structural Isomers – same molecular formula, different structural formula.
_______ _______

4. Draw the isomers of pentane.

5. Functional Groups

6. Functional Groups
Functional groups are common bonding patterns found in organic molecules.
R simply represents a chain or ring of carbons
Compounds with the same functional group have similar chemical and physical properties!

7. Halides Identify the location of the halogen.
Name the halogen using the chart
fluoro, chloro, bromo, iodo
Then end the name by naming the carbon chain normally.
_________

8. Fun Fact Halothane is used as an anesthetic.
(2-bromo-2-chloro-1,1,1trifluoroehtane)

9. Alcohol Identify the location of the hydroxide.
Name the carbon chain normally.
Drop the –E and add -OL.
_________

10. Fun Fact
Ethanol is the name for what we commonly call alcohol.

11. Ether Locate the Oxygen.
Name the items on the Left and the Right using Table P and adding –yl
If both sides are the same then use di.
End the name by adding the word ether.
_________

12. Fun Fact
Diethyl ether was once used by doctors for over a century as an anesthetic.
It is a dangerous, highly flammable liquid and is usually stored in metal cans to keep it away from direct sunlight.

13. Aldehyde Name the carbon chain normally. Drop the –e and add –al
Aldehyde’s are ALWAYS on the 1st carbon and there for do not need to be located.
_________

14. Fun Fact
Formaldehyde is the simplest aldehyde, hence its systematic name methanal.
Used to preserve specimens

15. Ketone Locate the ketone. Name the carbon chain normally.
Drop the –e and add –one
_________

16. Fun Fact
Many types of nail polish remover contain acetone, a common ketone.

17. Organic Acid Name the carbon chain normally.
Drop the –e and add –oic acid
_________

18. Fun Fact
Organic acids give a variety of foods – spoiled or fresh – a distinctive sour taste.
Formic acid is the
reason behind the
stinging of bees and ants.

19. Ester Find the Oxygen between the Carbons
Name the items not connect to the double bonded oxygen. C=O
Use –yl
Then name the chain of carbons that contains the C=O normally
Drope the –e and add -oate

20. Fun Fact
Esters impart the characteristic aromas and flavors of many flowers and fruits.
Apple
Cinnamon

21. Amine
Amide

22. Types of ORGANIC Reactions
Combustion
Substitution
Addition
Esterification
Saponification
Fermentation
Polymerization

23. Combustion
Combustion reactions occur when a hydrocarbon reacts with oxygen to make CO2 and H2O.

24. Substitution
Organic substitution reactions occur when an alkane and a halogen (Group 17) reacts so that one or more hydrogen atoms on the alkane are replaced with halogen.

25. Addition
Organic addition reactions occur when an alkene or alkyne combine with a halogen to make one product (halide).

26. Regents Practice Question

27. Esterification
Esterification occurs when an organic acid and an alcohol react to make water and an ester. 

28. Saponification
Saponification occurs when an ester reacts with a base to make alcohol and a soap.

29. Fermentation
Fermentation reactions occur when yeast catalyze a sugar (C6H12O6) to make carbon dioxide and ethanol.

30. Regents Practice Question

31. Regents Practice Question

32. Regents Practice Questions

33. Regents Practice Question

34. Regents Practice Question

35. Regents Practice Question

36. May 22nd Bellringer

38. The more C’s, the Higher the Boiling Point!