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Energy review Chapters 8-10
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Chapter 8 Endergonic Exergonic Anabolic Catabolic
Enzyme substrate complex Allosteric site Cofactors Redox reactions
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Chapter 8 ATP Ribose sugar Adenine 3 phosphates
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Cellular respiration (Chapter 9)
Reactants Glucose, oxygen Products ATP, carbon dioxide, water 3 stages Glycolysis, Kreb cycle, ETC
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Glycolysis Cytoplasm Glucose (6 carbons) Add phosphates Split G3P
Pyruvate (3 carbons) 2 NADH 2 ATP Substrate phosphorylation
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Oxidation of pyruvate Acetyl CoA NADH Carbon dioxide
Pyruvate dehydrogenase
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CYTOSOL MITOCHONDRION NAD+ NADH + H+ 2 1 3 Acetyl CoA Pyruvate
Fig. 9-10 CYTOSOL MITOCHONDRION NAD+ NADH + H+ 2 1 3 Acetyl CoA Pyruvate Coenzyme A CO2 Transport protein
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Kreb cycle Matrix Acetyl CoA OAA Citrate 6 CO2 2 ATP 8 NADH, 2 FADH2
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ETC Chemiosmosis ATP synthase Oxidative phosphorylation
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Fermentation
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Regulation Phosphofructokinase Pyruvate dehydrogenase
Citrate synthetase
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Photosynthesis (Chapter 10)
Reactants CO2, water, light energy Products O2, glucose Stages Light reactions Dark reactions (Calvin cycle)
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Electron transport chain
Fig H2O CO2 Light NADP+ ADP + P i Light Reactions: Photosystem II Electron transport chain Photosystem I RuBP 3-Phosphoglycerate Calvin Cycle ATP G3P Figure A review of photosynthesis Starch (storage) NADPH Chloroplast O2 Sucrose (export)
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Light reactions Photosystem II (680 nm) ATP, O2 Photosystem I (700)
NADPH Thylakoid membranes Pigments Chlorophyll a & b, carotenoids
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Electron transport chain
Fig Electron transport chain Primary acceptor Primary acceptor 4 7 Electron transport chain Fd Pq e– 2 e– 8 e– H2O e– NADP+ + H+ Cytochrome complex 2 H+ NADP+ reductase + 1/2 O2 3 NADPH Pc e– e– P700 5 P680 Light 1 Light 6 6 ATP Pigment molecules Photosystem I (PS I) Photosystem II (PS II)
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(low H+ concentration) Cytochrome complex Photosystem II Photosystem I
Fig STROMA (low H+ concentration) Cytochrome complex Photosystem II Photosystem I 4 H+ Light NADP+ reductase Light Fd 3 NADP+ + H+ Pq NADPH e– Pc e– 2 H2O 1 1/2 O2 THYLAKOID SPACE (high H+ concentration) +2 H+ 4 H+ To Calvin Cycle Figure The light reactions and chemiosmosis: the organization of the thylakoid membrane Thylakoid membrane ATP synthase STROMA (low H+ concentration) ADP + ATP P i H+
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Calvin cycle Rubisco CO2 G3P RuBP Stroma Photorespiration
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3 5C 6 3C Calvin Cycle Regeneration of CO2 acceptor 5 3C
Fig. 10-UN2 3 CO2 Carbon fixation 3 5C 6 3C Calvin Cycle Regeneration of CO2 acceptor 5 3C Reduction 1 G3P (3C)
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Similarities ATP synthase Chemiosmosis ETC Cyclic ATP Glucose
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H+ Diffusion Electron transport chain ADP + P
Fig Mitochondrion Chloroplast MITOCHONDRION STRUCTURE CHLOROPLAST STRUCTURE H+ Diffusion Intermembrane space Thylakoid space Electron transport chain Inner membrane Thylakoid membrane Figure Comparison of chemiosmosis in mitochondria and chloroplasts ATP synthase Matrix Stroma Key ADP + P i ATP Higher [H+] H+ Lower [H+]
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