1. INTRODUCTION TO SIMULATION WITH OMNET++ José Daniel García Sánchez ARCOS Group – University Carlos III of Madrid

2. Contents The ARCOS Group. Expand motivation. Expand design. Expand evaluation. Conclusions. Ongoing Work. July 2007 - University of Modena 2 The Expand Parallel File System José Daniel García Sánchez – ARCOS Group – University Carlos III of Madrid

3. University Carlos III of Madrid Founded in 1989 Three faculties: Faculty of Social Sciences and Law. Faculty of Humanities, Documentation and Communication. Higher Technical School. July 2007 - University of Modena 3 The Expand Parallel File System José Daniel García Sánchez – ARCOS Group – University Carlos III of Madrid

4. The ARCOS Group The Computer Architecture, Communications and Systems Group is part of the Department of Computer Science. 20 full time members 9 PhDs (2 full professors + 4 associate professors + 3 visiting professors). 11 PhD students July 2007 - University of Modena 4 The Expand Parallel File System José Daniel García Sánchez – ARCOS Group – University Carlos III of Madrid

5. Research lines Data management on Grid environments. Parallel file systems. Optimization of irregular applications. OS for Wireless Sensor Networks. Real-time systems. July 2007 - University of Modena 5 The Expand Parallel File System José Daniel García Sánchez – ARCOS Group – University Carlos III of Madrid

6. Contents 6 The ARCOS Group. OMNET++ features. Simulation model building. Additional features of the simulation kernel. INET Framework. Introduction to simulation with OMNET++ José Daniel García Sánchez – ARCOS Group – University Carlos III of Madrid July 2007 - University of Modena

7. What is OMNET++? 7 A discrete event simulation environment. Mainly focused in communication networks. Runs on Linux and Windows. C++ based. Free for academic and non-profit use. GUI support. Supports parallel execution (MPI based). Several component add-on libraries available. Introduction to simulation with OMNET++ José Daniel García Sánchez – ARCOS Group – University Carlos III of Madrid July 2007 - University of Modena

8. Available off-the-shelf models TCP/IP. IP. TPC. UDP PPP. … Network protocols Ethernet. 802.11. FDDI. Token Ring. Peer-to-peer. Sensor networks. 8 Introduction to simulation with OMNET++ José Daniel García Sánchez – ARCOS Group – University Carlos III of Madrid July 2007 - University of Modena

9. Important issues in a discrete event simulation environment 9 Pseudorandom generators. Flexibility. Programming model. Model management. Support for hierarchical models. Debugging and tracing. Documentation. Large scale simulation. Parallel simulation. Experiment specification. Introduction to simulation with OMNET++ José Daniel García Sánchez – ARCOS Group – University Carlos III of Madrid July 2007 - University of Modena

10. Randomness 10 Several random number generators Including Mersenne-Twister. Easy to plug-in custom generators. Mechanism for generating most random variates. 14 continuous distributions. 6 discrete distributions. Very easy to define your own distributions. Capability to generate a distribution from a sample. Introduction to simulation with OMNET++ José Daniel García Sánchez – ARCOS Group – University Carlos III of Madrid July 2007 - University of Modena

11. Flexibility 11 Core framework for discrete event simulation. Different add-on for specific purposes. Fully implemented in C++. Functionality added by deriving classes following specified rules. Introduction to simulation with OMNET++ José Daniel García Sánchez – ARCOS Group – University Carlos III of Madrid July 2007 - University of Modena

12. Programming model 12 Key elements: Topology: Describes relationship among elements. Behavior: Describes how a node behaves. Topology Behavior NED Language Describes links among nodes. Describes composition model. May be text edited or GUI. Possibility to create topology at run-time. C++ Code automatically generated. Only methods describing behavior are needed to be redefined. Introduction to simulation with OMNET++ José Daniel García Sánchez – ARCOS Group – University Carlos III of Madrid July 2007 - University of Modena

13. Model management 13 Clear separation among simulation kernel and developed models. Easiness of packaging developed modules for reuse. No need for patching the simulation kernel to install a model. Build models and combine like LEGO blocks Introduction to simulation with OMNET++ José Daniel García Sánchez – ARCOS Group – University Carlos III of Madrid July 2007 - University of Modena

14. Hierarchical modeling 14 Modules are self-contained and reusable. Compound models may be assembled from simpler modules without no coding effort. Introduction to simulation with OMNET++ José Daniel García Sánchez – ARCOS Group – University Carlos III of Madrid July 2007 - University of Modena

15. Debugging and tracking 15 Simulations may be run in two modes: Command line: Minimum I/O, high performance. Interactive GUI: Tcl/Tk windowing, allows view whats happening and modify parameters at run-time. Additional support for tracing. Introduction to simulation with OMNET++ José Daniel García Sánchez – ARCOS Group – University Carlos III of Madrid July 2007 - University of Modena

16. Documentation 16 Well structured documentation. Well written and complete users manual. 247 pages. Well documented (doxygen) API. Documentation system for models is doxygen based and connects very well model documentation and API documentation. Introduction to simulation with OMNET++ José Daniel García Sánchez – ARCOS Group – University Carlos III of Madrid July 2007 - University of Modena

17. The documentation is well organized, automatically generated from source code and easy to browse. Documentation 17 Introduction to simulation with OMNET++ José Daniel García Sánchez – ARCOS Group – University Carlos III of Madrid July 2007 - University of Modena

18. Large scale simulation 18 Only limiting known factor is available virtual memory. Very good use of memory. If you need more, go for parallel simulation. Introduction to simulation with OMNET++ José Daniel García Sánchez – ARCOS Group – University Carlos III of Madrid July 2007 - University of Modena

19. Support for parallel simulation 19 Run one realization of a simulation experiment in a cluster. No code modification needed! Just modify configuration files. Communication is MPI based. Named pipes and shared files also available. Conservative approach to parallel simulation. Introduction to simulation with OMNET++ José Daniel García Sánchez – ARCOS Group – University Carlos III of Madrid July 2007 - University of Modena

20. Experiment specification 20 Experiment structure is defined via a topology file. Experiment parameters are specified via configuration files. Integrated data collection support. Introduction to simulation with OMNET++ José Daniel García Sánchez – ARCOS Group – University Carlos III of Madrid July 2007 - University of Modena

21. Contents 21 The ARCOS Group. OMNET++ features. Simulation model building. Additional features of the simulation kernel. INET Framework. Introduction to simulation with OMNET++ José Daniel García Sánchez – ARCOS Group – University Carlos III of Madrid July 2007 - University of Modena

22. Simulation Model building 22 for (int i=0;i<10;i++) { }... [General] network=test_disk [Parameters]... Model structure Add behavior Set up parameters Compile Run Analyze Introduction to simulation with OMNET++ José Daniel García Sánchez – ARCOS Group – University Carlos III of Madrid July 2007 - University of Modena

23. Build process 23 Network description nedtool compiler Generated C++ code Module behavior C++ code C++ compiler Simulation kernel libraries User interface libraries Linker Simulation program Introduction to simulation with OMNET++ José Daniel García Sánchez – ARCOS Group – University Carlos III of Madrid July 2007 - University of Modena

24. Contents 24 The ARCOS Group. OMNET++ features. Simulation model building. M/M/1 Example. Additional features of the simulation kernel. INET Framework. Introduction to simulation with OMNET++ José Daniel García Sánchez – ARCOS Group – University Carlos III of Madrid July 2007 - University of Modena

25. Example 25 To show capabilities of OMNET++ basic features. Evaluate M/M/1 Queue System. RequestGeneratorServer messages Introduction to simulation with OMNET++ José Daniel García Sánchez – ARCOS Group – University Carlos III of Madrid July 2007 - University of Modena

26. Step 1: Define the modules 26 Two simple modules RequestGenerator. Server. Parameters: Set up by an enclosing module or at run-time. interEventTime RequestGenerator Gate serviceTime Server outpoint inpoint Introduction to simulation with OMNET++ José Daniel García Sánchez – ARCOS Group – University Carlos III of Madrid July 2007 - University of Modena

27. Step 1: Compound module 27 interEventTimeserviceTime RequestGeneratorServer outpointinpoint Connection SingleServer Needs to be instantiated as a network Introduction to simulation with OMNET++ José Daniel García Sánchez – ARCOS Group – University Carlos III of Madrid July 2007 - University of Modena

28. Step 1: Topology definition 28 The whole topology definition is expressed in the specific purpose NED language. Only structural description. Very simple. GUI for NED editing (I prefer text editing). C++ code automatically generated from NED. Introduction to simulation with OMNET++ José Daniel García Sánchez – ARCOS Group – University Carlos III of Madrid July 2007 - University of Modena

29. Step 2: Add Behavior 29 Each simple module needs a C++ class implementing its behavior. Follow users manual guidelines. Few methods needed. No C++ coding for compound modules. Introduction to simulation with OMNET++ José Daniel García Sánchez – ARCOS Group – University Carlos III of Madrid July 2007 - University of Modena

30. Step 2: Writing the code 30 For each simple module Write a class derived from cSimpleModule. Special rules: Two stage creation: Constructor + initialize(). Two stage destruction: finish() + Destructor. Message handling: Synchronous (More memory consuming, easy to understand). Asynchronous (Event based, more efficient). Introduction to simulation with OMNET++ José Daniel García Sánchez – ARCOS Group – University Carlos III of Madrid July 2007 - University of Modena

31. Send messages. Wait interEventTime between two sending. Use a timer to schedule next sending. Each time a request arrives process or enqueue. Wait serviceTime for processing by using a timer. Record statistics of service time. RequestGeneratorServer July 2007 - University of Modena 31 Step 2: Writing the code Introduction to simulation with OMNET++ José Daniel García Sánchez – ARCOS Group – University Carlos III of Madrid

32. Step 2: Coding effort Ned files: 35 lines RequestGenerator.ned: 6 Server.ned: 6 SingleServer.ned: 23 C++ code: 152 RequestGenerator.h: 23 RequestGenerator.cc: 33 Server.h: 31 Server.cc: 65 32 Coding 187 lines Introduction to simulation with OMNET++ José Daniel García Sánchez – ARCOS Group – University Carlos III of Madrid July 2007 - University of Modena

33. Step 3: Writing a configuration file 33 Most things can be set-up via an ini file Changing things without recompiling. Very simple syntax. Some things: Model to be run. Time limitation. Random number generator. Parameters. Introduction to simulation with OMNET++ José Daniel García Sánchez – ARCOS Group – University Carlos III of Madrid July 2007 - University of Modena

34. Step 4: Build 34 Utilities for automatically generating makefiles from existing sources. You can build a command-line or a GUI-based binary. Introduction to simulation with OMNET++ José Daniel García Sánchez – ARCOS Group – University Carlos III of Madrid July 2007 - University of Modena

35. Step 5: Running the simulation 35 Example 1: constantParams.ini Example 2: exponentialParams.ini Example 3: batchRuns.ini Introduction to simulation with OMNET++ José Daniel García Sánchez – ARCOS Group – University Carlos III of Madrid July 2007 - University of Modena

36. Contents 36 The ARCOS Group. OMNET++ features. Simulation model building. Adding channels and hierarchical modeling. Additional features of the simulation kernel. INET Framework. Introduction to simulation with OMNET++ José Daniel García Sánchez – ARCOS Group – University Carlos III of Madrid July 2007 - University of Modena

37. Channels 37 It is possible to define a channel and assign it to a link. Channel properties: Delay: Propagation delay in seconds. Error: Bit error rate. Datarate: Bandwidth used to calculating transmission time of a message. A length must be assigned to the channel. Introduction to simulation with OMNET++ José Daniel García Sánchez – ARCOS Group – University Carlos III of Madrid July 2007 - University of Modena

38. Example: N Clients to M Servers 38 ClientPopulationServerCluster Channel RequestGenerator ClientSwitch RequestGenerator … ServerSwitch Server … Introduction to simulation with OMNET++ José Daniel García Sánchez – ARCOS Group – University Carlos III of Madrid July 2007 - University of Modena

39. Building the simulation 39 Step 1: Write the new ned files. Step 2: Write/modify code. Step 3: Write configuration file Set up number of clients and servers. Step 4: Build Step 5: Run A simulation with 100000 clients and 40 servers run on a laptop. Introduction to simulation with OMNET++ José Daniel García Sánchez – ARCOS Group – University Carlos III of Madrid July 2007 - University of Modena

40. Contents 40 The ARCOS Group. OMNET++ features. Simulation model building. Additional features of the simulation kernel. INET Framework. Introduction to simulation with OMNET++ José Daniel García Sánchez – ARCOS Group – University Carlos III of Madrid July 2007 - University of Modena

41. Messages 41 Messages are sent among modules. Attributes: Name: String used in the GUI. Kind: Numeric value representing information type. Length: Number of bits used to compute transmission times. Sending and arrival times. Source and destination moduel and gate. Introduction to simulation with OMNET++ José Daniel García Sánchez – ARCOS Group – University Carlos III of Madrid July 2007 - University of Modena

42. Message definition language 42 In many cases a message needs to carry additional information. The structure of the message may be defined in an msg file and then automatically generate C++. Introduction to simulation with OMNET++ José Daniel García Sánchez – ARCOS Group – University Carlos III of Madrid July 2007 - University of Modena

43. Collecting data and statistics Several classes to collect data and compute statistics. Basic statistic estimation. Weigthed statistic. Histograms. Quantiles computation without storing data. Transient and accuracy detection at run-time. Recording scalars at the end of the simulation. Recording vector of data during the simulation. Simple view Scalars Plove 43 Introduction to simulation with OMNET++ José Daniel García Sánchez – ARCOS Group – University Carlos III of Madrid July 2007 - University of Modena

44. Debugging: Watches and snapshots 44 During run-time it is possible to watch values from C++ variables or structures (even modify). Easy to use Just a macro line. Snapshots allow dumping all the objects to a file for debugging the simulation. Introduction to simulation with OMNET++ José Daniel García Sánchez – ARCOS Group – University Carlos III of Madrid July 2007 - University of Modena

45. Parallel and distributed simulation 45 Allows running a single realization of a simulation experiment on a set of machines. No programming needed. Just configuration. Conservative synchronization among computing nodes. Introduction to simulation with OMNET++ José Daniel García Sánchez – ARCOS Group – University Carlos III of Madrid July 2007 - University of Modena

46. Parallel Configuration 46 All the configuration for parallel execution done in the ini file. Allocating modules Set in the ini file the partition-id property. General configuration: Activate the parallel execution. Select the communication class: MPI, files, named pipes Select the synchronization class: Null message protocol Introduction to simulation with OMNET++ José Daniel García Sánchez – ARCOS Group – University Carlos III of Madrid July 2007 - University of Modena

47. Contents 47 The ARCOS Group. OMNET++ features. Simulation model building. Additional features of the simulation kernel. INET Framework. Introduction to simulation with OMNET++ José Daniel García Sánchez – ARCOS Group – University Carlos III of Madrid July 2007 - University of Modena

48. INET Framework 48 A library of OMNET++ modules for building network simulations. Layers: Applications: Protocol specific applications (e.g. Telenet) Mobility: Motion patterns of mobile objects Nodes: Nodes in the network (e.g. Router, StandardHost) Transport: Transport protocols (e.g. TCP) Network: Network protocols (e.g. IPv4) NetworkInterfaces (e.g. Ethernet) Introduction to simulation with OMNET++ José Daniel García Sánchez – ARCOS Group – University Carlos III of Madrid July 2007 - University of Modena

49. Network interfaces 49 Ethernet PPP IEEE 802.11 Introduction to simulation with OMNET++ José Daniel García Sánchez – ARCOS Group – University Carlos III of Madrid July 2007 - University of Modena

50. Network 50 Protocols ARP. ICMP (v4 & v6). IP (v4 & v6). LDP. MLPS. OSPF Routing. RSVP. Other functionality Automatic network configuration. Introduction to simulation with OMNET++ José Daniel García Sánchez – ARCOS Group – University Carlos III of Madrid July 2007 - University of Modena

51. Transport 51 TCP UDP RTP Introduction to simulation with OMNET++ José Daniel García Sánchez – ARCOS Group – University Carlos III of Madrid July 2007 - University of Modena

52. Nodes 52 Contains nodes for different types of protocols. Mainly routers and hosts. IPv4. IPv6. MPLS. Wireless. Ad-hoc networks. Introduction to simulation with OMNET++ José Daniel García Sánchez – ARCOS Group – University Carlos III of Madrid July 2007 - University of Modena

53. Applications 53 Generic applications for Ethernet TCP UDP Ping. Client and server applications. Introduction to simulation with OMNET++ José Daniel García Sánchez – ARCOS Group – University Carlos III of Madrid July 2007 - University of Modena

54. Examples 54 Example 1: Web server Define the network topology. Configure parameters. Run. Simple changes Number of clients. NAM tracing. Introduction to simulation with OMNET++ José Daniel García Sánchez – ARCOS Group – University Carlos III of Madrid July 2007 - University of Modena

55. INTRODUCTION TO SIMULATION WITH OMNET++ José Daniel García Sánchez ARCOS Group – University Carlos III of Madrid