1. Volume 127, Issue 1, Pages 80-93 (July 2004)
Enhanced Escherichia coli adherence and invasion in Crohn’s disease and colon cancer 1  
Helen M. Martin, Barry J. Campbell, C.Anthony Hart, Chiedzo Mpofu, Manu Nayar, Ravinder Singh, Hans Englyst, Helen F. Williams, Jonathan M. Rhodes 
Gastroenterology 
Volume 127, Issue 1, Pages (July 2004)
DOI: /j.gastro

2. Figure 1
(A) Mucus-associated bacteria: inflammatory bowel disease and control patients; colorectal cancer and histologically normal distant mucosa. This shows quantification of aerobic bacteria in dithiothreitol-released mucus from mucosal biopsy specimens taken from colonoscopic biopsies from inflammatory bowel disease patients, histologically normal controls, and colorectal cancer resection specimens. No significant difference was seen between inflammatory bowel disease and controls. No significant difference was seen between the tumor tissue and the distant healthy tissue of colon cancer patients. (B) Mucosa-associated bacteria: inflammatory bowel disease and controls; colorectal cancer and histologically normal distant mucosa. Quantification of aerobic bacteria isolated from the mucosa after surface mucus had been removed by dithiothreitol treatment and extensive washing. Significantly more mucosa-associated bacteria were isolated from Crohn’s disease biopsy samples compared with specimens from either ulcerative colitis or control patients. No difference in the numbers of mucosa-associated bacteria was seen between the tumor tissue of colon cancer patients and the distant healthy mucosa. (C) Intraepithelial bacteria: inflammatory bowel disease and controls; colorectal cancer and histologically normal distant mucosa. Quantification of intraepithelial aerobic bacteria after biopsy samples had been treated with gentamicin and then lysed with water. Significantly more intramucosal bacteria were isolated from patients with Crohn’s disease compared with control patients. There was no difference in the numbers of intraepithelial bacteria in the tumor tissue and the distant healthy mucosa of colon cancer patients.
Gastroenterology  , 80-93DOI: ( /j.gastro )

3. Figure 2
(A) Time course of bacterial attachment of I407 cells by 3 strains of adherent and invasive bacteria: HM427 and HM605, both isolated from Crohn’s disease patients, and HM545, from the tumor tissue of a colon cancer patient. (B) Time course of bacterial invasion of I407 cells by 3 strains of adherent and invasive bacteria: HM427 and HM605, both isolated from Crohn’s disease patients, and HM545, from the tumor tissue of a colon cancer patient. (C) Inhibition of attachment to I407 cells by 2 strains of E. coli in the presence of soluble plantain fiber. (D) Inhibition of invasion of I407 cells by 2 strains of E. coli in the presence of soluble plantain fiber.
Gastroenterology  , 80-93DOI: ( /j.gastro )

4. Figure 3
(A) Induction of IL-8 release by isolated E. coli. Hemagglutinating E. coli (n = 17) were able to induce the release of significantly more IL-8 from I407 cells compared with nonhemagglutinating E. coli (n = 12). However, nonhemagglutinating E. coli were still able to induce the release of IL-8 5-fold above baseline levels. Recombinant human tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) was used as a positive control for IL-8 release at concentrations of 1 and 10 ng/mL. (B) Time course of IL-8 release from I407 cells by 2 strains of E. coli..
Gastroenterology  , 80-93DOI: ( /j.gastro )

5. Figure 4
(A) PCR confirming the presence of the M agglutinin gene in the ileal Crohn’s disease-associated E. coli, LF10, with a local nonpathogenic E. coli strain, C872, as a negative control and E. coli IH11165 as a positive control.48 (B) PCR showing the presence of the cytotoxic necrotizing factor-1 (cnf1) gene in E. coli mucosal isolates from 3 of 8 colon cancer patients. (C) Pulsed field gel electrophoresis showing clonality of hemagglutinating strains of E. coli isolated from the tumor and from the histologically normal tissue of colon cancer patients; N, normal tissue; T, tumor tissue; bp, base pairs.
Gastroenterology  , 80-93DOI: ( /j.gastro )