1. Science, Computing and Society Week 2
Computer Science 129
Science, Computing and Society
Week 2

2. GRE/GMAT WORDS
Ubiquitous - existing or being everywhere, esp. at the same time;
Abstain – to refrain
Audacious – Bold or daring
Desiccated – to dry up
Laudable – deserving praise, praiseworthy, commendable

3. GRE/GMAT WORDS
Teleportation - the movement of objects or elementary particles from one place to another without traveling through space.

4. CHAPTER 1 1996 IBM Ad in Scientific American
“Stand by. I’ll teleport you some goulash”
“Margit is a little premature, but we’re working on it. An IBM scientist and his colleagues have discovered a way to make an object disintegrate in one place and reappear intact in another”

5. CHAPTER 1
IBM WAS NOT ACTUALLY TALKING ABOUT TRANSPORTING MATERIAL, MACROSCOPIC PARTICLES OR PEOPLE
THEY WERE TALKING ABOUT QUANTUM TELEPORTATION

6. CHAPTER 1
QUANTUM TELEPORTATION- NOT THE SAME THING AS HOLLYWOOD TELEPORTATION
STAR TREK AND HOLLYWOOD TELEPORTATION– SUGGESTS THAT TELEPORTATION IS AN “INSTANTANEOUS” DISEMBODIED TRANSPORT
EINSTEIN’S LAWS PROHIBIT “INTANTANEOUS” SENDING OF INFORMATION OR ANYTHING ELSE – TIME PASSES, EVEN IF IT IS ONLY AN INFINTESIMAL AMOUNT OF TIME PASSES (THIS DOES NOT APPLY TO QUANTUM PHYSICS AND HAS BECOME THE EPR PARADOX)
NOT COMPLETELY CLEAR WHAT “TELEPORTATION” REALLY IS

7. CHAPTER 1
TO UNDERSTAND QUANTUM TELEPORTATION, WE MUST UNDERSTAND WHERE A QUANTUM OBJECT FALLS IN THE ORDER OF THE WORLD

8. CHAPTER 1 World made of matter Matter made of particles
Particles made of molecules
Molecules made of atoms
Atoms made of sub atomic particles
Sub atomic made of quantum particles

9. THE WONDERS OF MNEMONICS
Mnemonics can help save time when memorizing something. Use this mnemonic or your own to memorize the table on the previous slide. There are 2 M’s but matter and molecules come in alphabetically so it is easy to remember.
WILL MY
PRINCESS
MAKE A
SWEET
QUEEN

10. CHAPTER 1 TRANSPORTING QUANTUM PARTICLES
NOT JUST LIKE FAX MACHINE OR TELEPHONE TRANSMITTING WAVES

11. CHAPTER 1 IS LIKE COPYING ORIGINAL AND STORING ITS INFORMATION
THIS PROCESS DESTROYS ORIGINAL
THEN, INFORMATION ON HOW IT IS PUT TOGETHER IS SENT TO ANOTHER LOCATION and THEN IT IS PUT TOGETHER AND WE HAVE TELEPORTATION

12. CHAPTER 1
SECRET TO TELEPORTATION IS NOT WHAT IS TRANSPORTED BUT THE INFORMATION ABOUT THE STRUCTURE TO BE TELEPORTED

13. CHAPTER 1 US NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF HEALTH’S 3-D MODEL OF HUMAN BODY
MILLIMETER ACCURACY
IS 10 GIGABYTES OF INFORMATION
THIS WAS A HUGE AMOUNT OF DATA AT THE TIME – BUT IT IS STILL NOT GOOD ENOUGH
CONSIDER TRANSPORTING A BRAIN
MILLIMETER ACCURACY NOT GOOD ENOUGH – COULD MEAN REAL PROBLEMS IN BRAIN OR NERVOUS SYSTEM

14. CHAPTER 1 WHAT YOU WOULD NEED IS ACCURACY AT THE ATOMIC LEVEL
THIS WOULD REQUIRE A TRILLION TRILLION GIGABYTES
THIS WOULD TAKE SEVERAL MILLION CENTURIES TO TRANSMIT
FASTER TO WALK

15. CHAPTER 1
EVEN IF WE COULD TRANSMIT THAT MUCH DATA, IT IS NOT POSSIBLE TO OBTAIN COMPLETE ATOMIC INFORMATION
THIS IS DUE TO HEISENBERG’S UNCERTAINTY PRINCIPLE.

16. CHAPTER 1 HEISENBERGS UNCERTAINTY PRINCIPLE
PROHIBITS PRECISE MEASUREMENT OF A PARTICLE’S MOTION AND LOCATION AT THE SAME TIME (THIS AMOUNTS TO A PARTICLES EXACT POSITION)
THIS PRICIPLE IS THE CORNERSTONE OF QUANTUM MECHANICS
ALL SOUNDS WELL AND GOOD BUT AT ATOMIC SCALE, IT IS NEVER POSSIBLE TO OBTAIN COMPLETE INFORMATION

17. CHAPTER 1
ALTHOUGH WE CAN NOT OBTAIN COMPLETE ATOMIC INFORMATION, WHAT IS POSSIBLE IS TO OBTAIN QUANTUM INFORMATION
QUANTUM INFORMATION CAN BE GATHERED AND TELEPORTED

18. CHAPTER 1
QUANTUM OBJECTS ARE WHAT WE CAN OBTAIN QUANTUM INFORMATION ABOUT
TYPICAL QUANTUM OBJECTS – FUZZY ENTITIES – ARE PARTICLES THAT MAKE UP ATOMS

19. CHAPTER 1 QUANTUM OBJECTS – EXAMPLES:
PROTONS & NEUTRONS IN NUCLEUS AND ELECTRONS AROUND NUCLEUS
PARTICLES OF LIGHT – CALLED PHOTONS
SOMETIMES WHOLE ATOMS ACT LIKE QUANTUM OBJECTS

20. CHAPTER 1
THE WAY THESE QUANTUM OBJECT WORK IS STUDIED BY A BRANCH OF SCIENCE CALLED QUANTUM MECHANICS
MECHANICS REFERS TO THE LAWS GOVERNING THE MOTION OF MATTER

21. CHAPTER 1 HOW TO VIEW QUANTUM MECHANICS LIKE MONEY LIKE WATER
LIKE TELEVISION

22. CHAPTER 1 QUANTUM MECHANICS LIKE MONEY
QUANTUM ENERGY COMES IN BUNDLES OF QUANTA
LIKE MONEY IS MEASURED IN THE AMOUNT OF PENNIES

23. CHAPTER 1 QUANTUM MECHANICS LIKE WATER
PHOTONS (LIGHT PARTICLES) ACT LIKE BOTH PARTICLES AND WAVES
WATER CAN BE HARD ICE OR WAVY LIQUID

24. CHAPTER 1 QUANTUM MECHANICS LIKE TELEVISION
QUANTUM OBJECTS FLUTTER AROUND UNTIL YOU OBSERVE THEM THEN THEY ASSUME A LOCATION (SUPER POSITION FROM THE DOUBLE SLIT EXPERIMENT)
TV SIGNALS RIDE ON WAVE FROM TRASMITTERS OR SATELLITES BUT YOU CAN’T SEE OR HEAR THEM UNTIL YOU TURN ON THE TV

25. CHAPTER 1 QUANTUM INFORMATION INFORMATION CAN BE MEASURED AS BITS
BITS = 0’s AND 1’s
BUT QUANTUM INFORMATION IS LIKE A TOSSED COIN THAT HAS NOT LANDED

26. CHAPTER 1 ONCE QUANTUM INFORMATION IS OBSERVED, IT IS DESTROYED
CAN’T MAKE A COPY OR CLONE A QUANTUM OBJECT BECAUSE THAT REQUIRES OBSERVING IT, WHICH DESTROYS IT

27. CHAPTER 1 TV TELEPORTATION
ORIGINAL IS NOT LEFT BEHIND, IT MOVES FROM ONE LOCATION TO ANOTHER
THERE IS NO COPY, JUST DISINTEGRATION AND RECONSTRUCTION OF ORIGINAL
APPEARS TO BE INSTANTANEOUS

28. CHAPTER 1 QUANTUM TELEPORTATION ORIGINAL IS DESTROYED
COPY OF INFORMATION IS MADE
NOT INSTANTANEOUS

29. CHAPTER 1 QUANTUM TELEPORTATION TWIN-PHOTONS
TWO PHOTONS THAT SHARE INFORMATION ABOUT EACHOTHER
READ THE FOLLOWING WEBPAGES:
2 PHOTONS I KEEP ONE AND YOU KEEP ONE
PUT ANOTHER ONE IN BOX WITH A AND MEASURE A AND C
FAX INFO TO PERSON WITH B, THEY USE THAT INFO TO TRANSFORM B INTO AN EXACT REPLICA OF C – VOIALA – TELEPORTATION
SCINCE C WAS MEASURED AND MIXED WITH TWIN A, IT IS DESTROYED
ALL THAT IS LEFT IS COPY THAT OWNER OF B HAS

30. CHAPTER 1 CRYPTOGRAPHY SENDING SECRET CODES
ANCIENT GREEKS AND ROMANS USED VARIOUS SYSTEMS TO SEND SECRET MESSAGES

31. CHAPTER 1
CRYPTOGRAPHY
JULIUS CAESAR USED ONE THAT SHIFTED LETTERS 3 PLACES IN THE ALPHABET
(B WOULD BE REPRESENTED AS E, C AS F, ETC.)

32. CHAPTER 1 WHAT YOU NEED FOR MODERN CRYPTOGRAPHY: YOU MUST HAVE A KEY!
AND A CODE RULE

33. CHAPTER 1
CRYPTOGRAPHY
A KEY CAN BE AS SIMPLE AS A STRING OF RANDOM DIGITS OF 0’S AND 1’S

34. CHAPTER 1 CRYPTOGRAPHY ALICE AND BOB WANT TO COMMUNICATE
CODE RULE: IF DIGIT IN MESSAGE MATCHES THE KEY, WRITE A 1. IF IT DOESN’T, WRITE A 0.

35. CHAPTER 1 CRYPTOGRAPHY ALICE SENDS: 01001001 KEY SAYS: 01100111
BOB WRITES:
CAN ONLY USE A PARTICULAR AREA OF THE KEY ONCE!

36. CHAPTER 1 CRYPTOGRAPHY PROBLEM – HOW TO EXCHANGE THE KEY?
MEET FACE TO FACE – IDEAL
IF WE MAIL IT, IT COULD BE INTERCEPTED

37. CHAPTER 1 CRYPTOGRAPHY SOLUTION – QUANTUM CRYPTOGRAPHY
QUANTUM INFORMATION IS SPY PROOF

38. CHAPTER 1
CRYPTOGRAPHY
SEND PHOTONS ORIENTED IN ONE DIRECTION OR THE OTHER BY PASSING THEM THROUGH FILTERS
VERTICAL PHOTON=1
HORIZONTAL PHOTON=0
RIGHT-TILTING=1
LEFT-TILTING=0
ALICE THEN SENDS PHOTONS THROUGH THE OPEN CHANNEL

39. CHAPTER 1
CRYPTOGRAPHY
IF ANYONE IS INTERCEPTING THE PHOTONS, IT WILL CAUSE AN INTERFERENCE THAT CAN BE DETECTED
THEY WILL GET BUMPED INTO A POSITION WE ARE NOT USING SO WE WILL BE ALERTED.
THEY CAN TAKE ALL OF THEM, EVERY THIRD ONE, ETC.
ANY COMBINATION THEY WANT TO CREATE THE KEY.

40. CHAPTER 1 CRYPTOGRAPHY THEY CREATE THE KEY TOGETHER
CREATE A VERY LONG KEY SO CAN BE USED FOR MORE THAN ONE MESSAGE.
JUST CAN NOT RE-USE THE SAME PART OF A KEY MORE THAN ONCE.

41. WHAT YOU SHOULD KNOW ITEM MADE UP OF WORLD WORLD MATTER PARTICLES
MOLECULES
ATOMS
SUB ATOMIC PARTICLES
QUANTUM PARTICLES

42. WHAT YOU SHOULD KNOW
WHAT IS HEISENBERGS UNCERTAINTY PRICIPLE & HOW DOES IT AFFECT TELEPORTATION?

43. WHAT YOU SHOULD KNOW LIST SOME QUANTUM OBJECTS
PROTONS
NEUTRONS
ELECTRONS
PHOTONS
SOMETIMES WHOLE ATOMS

44. WHAT YOU SHOULD KNOW HOW IS QUANTUM MECHANICS LIKE MONEY WATER
TELEVISION

45. WHAT YOU SHOULD KNOW
HOW IS HOW HOLLYWOOD TELEPORTATION DIFFERENT FROM QUANTUM TELEPORTATION?

46. WHAT YOU SHOULD KNOW
WHAT IS CRYPTOGRAPHY?

47. WHAT YOU SHOULD KNOW
WHAT WAS JULIUS CAESAR’S SECRET CODE?

48. WHAT YOU SHOULD KNOW
KNOW THE CODE RULE USED IN THE CLASS EXAMPLE AND BE ABLE TO INTERPRET A CODE IF GIVEN A CODE AND THE KEY.
EX:
CODE SENT:
KEY:
MESSAGE: ________

49. WHAT YOU SHOULD KNOW
WHAT MAKES QUANTUM CRYPTOGRAPHY SUPERIOR?