1. Colonial America

2. First European Contacts w/Native Americans
A. Iroquois Confederacy
Political and linguistic differences were a problem when attempting to respond to European threat
IC was the most important and powerful Native American alliance that ended generations of warfare
Trade & Columbian Exchange
Foods, plants, animals & disease between North Amer. & Europe
-Native Americans become dependent on fur trade with increasing contact
-Smallpox, measles decimated native populations

3. Similarities & Differences
Both lived in village communities
Native Americans did not share the English concept of private property
Both shared strong sense of spirituality
Matrilineal society
Both divided labor by gender
Both depended on agricultural economies

4. Plantation Colonies Virginia Company Joint Stock company
Primary goal is to make a profit
Religious motivation was less important than in Maryland, PA, RI and Mass
Tobacco!!
Made Chesapeake region economically viable
By mid-1700s, tobacco was most valuable cash crop in the Southern states

5. Plantation colonies & slavery
From servitude to slavery- Chesapeake
Indentured servants played a key role in growth of tobacco system in VA & MD as chief source of labor
Planters use headright system- pay for passage of another and get extra 50 acres
Slaves increase late 17th century as white indentured servants are replaced

6. Bacon’s Rebellion 1676
Exposed tensions between the former indentured servants, who were poor, and the rich
As planters became more suspicious of their former indentured servants, they turned to slaves as more reliable sources of labor

7. Growth of plantation economies and slave societies
Tobacco required cheap labor
Slavery is legally established in all 13 colonies by the early 1700s
Although enslaved Africans maintained African cultural practices
Rice was most important crop grown in South Carolina during the mid 18th century
Stono Rebellion was one of the earliest known acts of rebellion against slavery in America. Organized and led by slaves living south of Charleston, SC. Tried to flee to Spanish FL

8. Puritans
Key Facts:
New England families escaping political repression, religious restrictions and economic recession
John Winthrop leader
Small villages surrounded by farmland
Connection between church & state
Trained & educated ministry- colleges=Harvard & Yale
“City on a Hill”=model society to build ideal Christian society
Strict code of moral conduct
Immigrate for religious freedom yet did not tolerate religious dissent or diversity
Expelled Anne Hutchinson and Roger Williams (RI)

9. Half-Way Covenant
As time passed, Puritan’s religious zeal began to diminish
Half-Way Covenant eased requirements for church membership by allowing the baptism of the children of baptized but unconverted Puritans
TEST TIP: APUSH writers admire dissidents like Anne Hutchinson and think you should remember them too

10. 1st Grt Awakening Key Points to remember:
AP TEST TIP: 1st Grt Awakening has
appeared on five of the six released
tests- Pay especially close attention to
the consequences
1st Grt Awakening
Key Points to remember:
Took the form of a wave of religious revivals in New England in the 1730s
The wave soon swept across all the colonies during the 1740s
New Light ministers advocated an emotional approach to religious practice and weakened the authority of traditional Old Light ministers and established churches
New Light ministers:
-Promoted the growth of New Light institutions of higher ed like Princeton
-Sparked renewed missionary spirit & converted many slaves
-Led to greater appreciation for emotional experiences of faith
-divisions between Presbyterian and Congregational churches
-increased number of women in church

11. Pennsylvania & the Quakers
William Penn
Liberal colony
Freedom of religion
No state sponsored church
Pacifists
Freedom of worship
Greater role for women in church
Opposed slavery and one of first abolitionists

12. Colonial society on eve of Revolution
Keys:
Wealth
Non-English settlers like Germans, Scots-Irish
Religious diversity
Slavery was accepted labor system & legally established
Colonies cities functioned as mercantile centers for the benefit of England= mercantilism. Colonial port cities were to export raw materials and import finished goods
Navigation Acts- list of colonial products to be shipped only to England
Salutary Neglect- left alone, colonies drifted from England & traded with others

13. Women in Colonial America
Colonial women lost control of property when they married
No separate legal identity apart from husband
In this time period, single women & widows had the right to own property
Writers:
Anne Bradstreet first notable American poet & first woman to be published
Phillis Wheatley- first published African American poet and created a genre of African American literature