1. Causation: Spanish American War
Key period 7a:
Kevin Tran
Period 5

2. Cause: Spanish American War
Cubans begin to revolt against the Spanish.
America sees this as an economic opportunity.
Reminded them of their own fight for Independence.
Felt it supported the Monroe Doctrine.
Yellow Journalism: sensationalized news that exaggerated the horrors that occurred in Cuba at the time. It was a way to get America involved in the war. “You furnish the pictures, I’ll furnish the war” – William Randolph, American publisher.
The de Lome Letter: intercepted Spanish letter that criticized America as being too weak/preoccupied to be involved with Cuban affairs. Americans interpreted this as an insult and were further enticed to join the war efforts.
U.S.S Maine mysteriously explodes near Cuba. The U.S. believed that this was an attack from Spain (even though it was due to a technical error). Started the rallying cry “Remember the Maine!”

3. Effect: Spanish American War
Armistice on August 12, 1898
Sense of extreme, aggressive patriotism arises in America (Jingoism).
Cuba, Guam, the Philippines, and Puerto Rico gained from Spain.
Anti-imperialist League forms
Business owners such as Carnegie felt that imperialism would threaten the success of businesses due to increased competition from new markets.
The far distance and large populations of these territories were seen as a strain on American resources, harming labor and business.
“The War Prayer” by Mark Twain emphasized the cruelties of war and imperialism.

4. Effect: Cuba and the Philippines
Cuba rejects American statehood.
However, the Platt Amendment ensured U.S. involvement in Cuban affairs through the Guantanamo Bay Navel Base.
The Philippines were denied independence.
Led to Philippine-American War.
After U.S. victory, a democratic government was set up in the Philippines.
Improved transportation, sanitation, public health, and education.

5. Effect: The Insular Cases
Debates grow on how America should treat these new annexed territories.
Insular Cases: SCOTUS cases concerning the status of territories acquired after the Spanish American War.
Question: Do American Laws and rights apply to foreign lands and peoples?
Decision: Supreme court says no (except for Hawaii).