1. What is a network?
any netlike combination of filaments, lines, veins, passages, or the like: a network of arteries; a network of sewers under the city.
An openwork fabric or structure in which cords, threads, or wires cross at regular intervals.
A system of lines or channels that cross or interconnect: a network of railroads.

2. Chapter 20 Industrial Growth
Railroads Spur Industry

3. How do railroads lead to tremendous industrial growth?

4. A Network Of Rails
Early RR lines were short and served local communities.
Different lines used different gauges- or widths
In 1886 RR’s adopted the North gauges.
Once track was standardized the RR formed a network- or system of connected lines all across the country.

5. Different Gauges

6. New and Improved! 1864 George Westinghouse invented the air brake.
Allowed engineer to stop all rail cars at once.

7. New and Improved! 1864 George Pullman invented the sleeping car.
Eventually they added bathrooms and dining cars as well.

8. Consolidation Brings Efficiency
As RR companies grew they began to consolidate smaller companies
Consolidate- combine
Cornelius Vanderbilt- one of the most powerful and influential men in the RR business
Used ruthless and cut throat tactics

9. Eliminating the Competition
Eventually, there was more track than there was actually a need for.
RR’s were forced to grant rebates or discounts to the biggest customers.
To end the cut throat competition they began pooling.
pool- several RR companies agreed to divide up business in an area.
The big companies would even bribe the government.

11. Take 5 Minutes…
Answer the following question using your notes and page 577.
How did the development of a railway system make the rapid growth of industry possible?

12. Homework
After viewing the video, write a brief paragraph (5 sentences).
Should Cornelius Vanderbilt be remembered as a hero because of his self-made success, or a villain because of the means in which he accomplished his goal?