1. Preferred Utilities Manufacturing Corp.
Fuel Oil Handling Systems
Fuel System Design Considerations
Part 2
31-35 South Street • Danbury • CT

2. Additional Design Considerations
Oil Heating and Insulation
Preventing Overflows
Day Tank Flow Control
Air Entrainment
Fire Safety
Relief Valves
Multi-Tank Returns
Vent Line Height
Foot Valves
Anti-Syphon Devices

3. Tank Heating and Insulation
Aboveground Storage Tank (AST) – installed in a cold climate – # 2 thru # 6 oil, heating requirements and insulation of tank
Emergency generators – Approximately 40 F is the cloud point of paraffin wax in # 2 fuel oil Thermopump System application
# 6 Oil Piping - heat trace the pipe and insulate or install FOS, FOR, steam and condensate return lines in a single carrier pipe with insulation
Use a Thermopump System or a winter blend of fuel oil
The fuel user is going to have viscosity and temperature requirements.

4. Tank Heating and Insulation

8. Tank Overfill Prevention
Tank gauging with overfill alarm station
HLS in tank to back up the tank gauge
Model 1 Ground Level Spill Containment
Type 2 In-Wall Spill Container
Remote Overfill Alarm Station
Mechanical fill line overfill prevention device ( Type 61 and 61F)
Vent line with overfill alarm switch

9. Sidewalk or Driveway Fuel Fill
Spill Containers
Model 1 In Ground Spill Container
Drains oil spilled from delivery disconnect into storage tank
Designed to handle driveway traffic
Removable bellows for easy fuel testing without pavement excavation.

10. Inside Fill Container
Discharge piping can be smaller than the suction piping, the pump will make up for the added pressure

11. Model 2 In-wall Fill Cabinet
Provides 5 Gallon Containment
For indoor storage tanks
with fill lines piped
to building walls
Overfill alarm
Alarm silence
Display tank level
Model 2

12. In-Wall Fill Box with Sign

13. Inside Type 2 In-Wall Spill Box

14. In-Wall Spill Box Digital Display

15. Fil-A-Larm Overfill Alarm Box
Temp. and the resulting viscosity can be important if the system is at its design limits.
Becomes even more important with outdoor stored fuel.

16. HLS High Level Sensor
Cost of the next large pipe is “nothing” compared to the total cost of the installation or the cost of problems.

17. Day Tank Vent Detector

18. Filling Day Tanks in Multiple Tank Applications
Flow Control
Filling Day Tanks in Multiple Tank Applications
Install Flow Control Manifolds
One for each day tank
Three valve by-pass arrangement for manual operation and servicing, (2) Solenoid valves
Options: Fuel filter, flow switch, oil meter, indicator lights

19. Flow Control Manifold

20. Flow Control Manifold

21. Day Tank Location Day tank above main storage tank
gravity return
Provide tank overfill drain to main tank
Day tank below main storage tank
return pump system is required
pump flow rate capacity must be larger than the pump set supply system
Add a PLS switch to the tank vent

22. Air Entrainment
Pipe the return line to the bottom of the tank to prevent aeration
Back Pressure Regulator BPRV
Return riser pipe, install BPRV at the bottom of the riser, set pressure to maintain a constant head to prevent the free fall of the fuel and entraining air
Syphon Breaker
Day tank header system applications, can use in conjunction with the BPRV

23. Air Entrainment
                                                   
Separate the Fuel Oil Supply (FOS) and Fuel Oil Return (FOR) Piping drop tubes in the tank to prevent the recycling of air
FOS, 4-6 inches off the bottom of the tank
FOR, inches off the bottom of the tank, add a 90 elbow to direct return fuel away from suction

24. Air Entrainment VACUUM BREAKER (OPTIONAL) VENT TRAP RETURN HEADER
SUPPLY
ENGINE #3
ENGINE #2
ENGINE #1
RELIEF
IN OUT
PUMP SET

25. Stop the flow of the fuel
Fire Safety Basics
Don’t Feed the Fire
Stop the flow of the fuel

26. Fire Safety Shut-off Valves
Lever Gate Valve
Fully mechanical
Emergency fuel line shut-off is mandated by many codes
Fusible links open at 165F
for pipe ranges 3/4" - 3"
Fusomatic Valve
Replaceable fusible element
Fusible links open at 165F, May be manually opened/closed
for pipes 3/4" or 1"

27. Fire Safety Shut-off Valves
Multiple Fusible Links
Fuel Shut-off and
Limit Switch Stops Pump

28. Type 110 Fire Valve

29. Anti-Syphon Valves
3 million cycles to get UL approval….

30. Stop Fuel Flow

31. Relief Valves A must with positive displacement pumps
If the oil line is blocked, something will break
Relief valves on pump set– piped into the return line with no shut off valves
Multiple tank systems with ball/gate valve arrangement, pipe relief valve into pump suction, utilize pump flow switch for safety shutdown
Place a relief valve between two solid points to relieve hydraulic pressure from thermal expansion
Internal relief valves are to be avoided.

32. Pump Set Relief Valves

33. Multiple Main Tank Returns
On multiple main tank applications, recommend utilizing a Tank Selector Valve that will never have a positive shutoff when changing tanks
If tank selector valve not desirable, recommend automatic ball valves with end switches. Pumps shut down during a tank changeover and will not restart until proper alignment is proven. This will also prevents a tank overfill due to improper valve alignment.

34. Two Tank Selector Valve
Threaded Connection
Replaces confusing array
of hand valves
Simple lever operation
transfers both supply & return
lines from one tank to the other
Designed with no “blind spots” where flow could be blocked to or from the tanks
Threaded or flanged connections available

35. Vent Line Vertical Height
Main Storage Tanks and some Day Tanks are only rated for 5 PSI. Tanks are not pressure vessels.
On overfilled tanks that do not provide for an overflow condition, the oil will go up the vent.
The static pressure at the bottom of the tank can exceed the pressure rating of the tank.
Remember that 2.6 ft of #2 oil = 1 PSI
13 feet/2.6 = 5.0 PSI
PLS switch in the vent can sound an alarm or shut off a pump.

36. Foot Valve Installation
Install foot valves and check valves to prevent loss of prime if top of the tank is below the centerline of the pump
Utilize an extractor fitting for easy removal of foot valve for maintenance and inspection
Extractor fitting can be a potential air leak. Insure they are properly sealed.
Foot valves are sometimes required with
Anti-Syphon valves. An Anti-Syphon valve does not make a good check valve.
Insure the shipping plug is removed before installation.

37. Foot Valves

38. Maximum Height for ASV
Install Anti-Syphon Valve (ASV) if top of the tank is above the centerline of the pump
Maximum height for ASV – 20’ above centerline of pump
Above 20’ utilize a solenoid valve for an anti-syphon device

39. Single Source Fuel Handling

40. Preferred Utilities Manufacturing Corp
31-35 South Street • Danbury • CT
T: (203) • F: (203)