1. The Early Cold War

2. Presidential Administrations
33. Harry S. Truman (D),
34. Dwight D. Eisenhower (R),
35. John F. Kennedy (D),
36. Lyndon B. Johnson (D),
37. Richard M. Nixon (R),
38. Gerald Ford (R),
39. Jimmy Carter (D),
40. Ronald Reagan (R),
41. George H. W. Bush (R),
42. Bill Clinton (D),
43. George W. Bush (R), Present

3. US-Soviet Relations to 1945
Russian Revolution  Red Scare 1919
Americans in Siberia during the Russian Civil War

4. US-Soviet Relations to 1945
Allies in WWII – sort of…
Where’s the second front?!?
What are you doing in Eastern Europe?!?

5. United Nations Created
Formed 1945 at San Francisco and Dumbarton Oaks
General Assembly: all members
Security Council (some w/ veto power): USSR, GB, France, USA, China (+ others)
Intended to promote peace, but served as forum of East-West antagonism

6. Other Cooperation/failure to
Soviet Union did not participate in World Bank
Did participate in Nuremburg trials of Nazi leaders

7. Soviet Satellites
Soviets were invaded twice in in only three decades = needed buffer zone for protection
Soviets manipulate elections in Eastern European countries to allow friendly communists to take control
US & UK object to interference

8. Germany Divided West  Federal Republic of Germany
East  German Democratic Republic
Austria divided too

9. “Iron Curtain” Speech
March 5, 1946 at Fulton, Missouri

10. Soviets Continue On…
Refuse to cooperate w/joint economic policy in Germany, install communist government in their zone
Pressure Turkey for joint control of the Straits
Aid Communists in Greek civil war

11. US Responds Truman Doctrine – 1947 Marshall Plan
Policy of containment = stop spread of communism
Marshall Plan
Economic aid for east and west
East not allowed/refuses aid
Meant as support of Truman Doctrine

12. Marshall Plan Tractor
Tractor supplied to a French family under the Marshall Plan, Ca 1950

13. Cold War Alliances
NATO
Warsaw Pact
Non-Aligned

14. US Security Policy National Security Act (1947) created:
Department of Defense
National Security Council to coordinate foreign policy
Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)
Form alliances w/ non-communist countries, build up military
Selective Service System (1948)

15. Occupied Berlin

16. The Berlin Crisis The Berlin Blockade The Berlin Airlift
Cold War is on!

17. Post WWII Asia Japan Philippines
New parliamentary democracy becomes US ally
Philippines
Gains independence
US maintains military bases in both countries

18. Civil War in China  Two Chinas
The Blame Game… who lost China?
Chiang Kai-shek
Nationalist
US ally
Mao Zedong
Communist

19. The Korean War Occupation of Korea post at end of WWII
Truman vs. MacArthur
The Korean War
Occupation of Korea post at end of WWII
US intervention in Korea
Communist Chinese intervention in Korea
Armistice 1953

20. Domestic Issue, but… The Second Red Scare
Security & Civil Rights
Loyalty probes of government officials
McCarran Internal Security Act (1950)
Unlawful to advocate totalitarian government
Restricted employment and travel of communists

21. The Second Red Scare Security & Civil Rights
House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC)
Dalton Trumbo (Hollywood Ten) blacklisted

22. The Second Red Scare Espionage Cases Alger Hiss (& Whittaker Chambers)
Then Congressman Nixon

23. The Second Red Scare Espionage Cases Klaus Fuchs
Julius & Ethel Rosenberg

24. The Second Red Scare Joseph McCarthy’s “Witch hunt”
You've done enough. Have you no sense of decency, sir, at long last? Have you left no sense of decency?
Televised!
Joseph McCarthy’s “Witch hunt”
Claims of communists working for State Department
Army-McCarthy hearings  McCarthy’s downfall