1. Andrew Smith & Timothy Tu
Chapter 12: Services
Andrew Smith
&
Timothy Tu

2. Where Did Services Originate?
Key Issue #1
Where Did Services Originate?
Types of Services
Origin of Services
Services in Rural Settlements

3. Types of Services Consumer- Retail & Personal Services
Business- Producer & Transportation
Public
Changes in number of Employees

4. Origin of Services Early Personal Services Early Public Services
Early Retail and Producer Services

5. Services in Rural Settlements
Clustered Rural Settlements
Dispersed Rural Settlements

6. Clustered Rural Settlements
Circular
Linear
Colonial American

7. Dispersed Rural Settlements
In the United States
Enclosure Movement

8. Key Issue #2 Why are Consumer Services
Distributed in a Regular Pattern?
Central Place Theory
Market Area Analysis
Hierarchy of Services and Settlements

9. Market Area of a Service- Size of Market Area-
Central Place Theory
Market Area of a Service-
Size of Market Area-
Hinterland/
Market Area
Range of a Service
Threshold of a Service

10. Profitability of a Location Optimal Location-
Market Area Analysis
Profitability of a Location
Optimal Location-
Linear Settlement
Non-linear settlement

11. Hierarchy of Services and Settlements
Nesting of Services and Settlements
Rank-Size Distribution of Settlements
Rank-Size Rule
Primate City Rule

12. Key Issue #3 World Cities Hierarchy of Business Services
Economic Base of Settlements

13. Ancient World Cities- Medieval World Cities Modern World Cities
Earliest Urban Settlements
Ancient Athens
Ancient Rome

14. Hierarchy of Business Services
World Cities
Command and Control Centers
Specialized Producer-Services Centers
Dependent Centers

15. Economic Base of Settlements
Specialization of Cities in Different Services
Distribution of Talent

16. Key Issue #4
Central Business District
Suburbanization of Businesses

17. Central Business District (CBD)
Retail Services in the CBD
High Land Costs in the CBD
Activites Excluded from the CBD
European CBDs

18. Retail Services in the CBD
Retail Services with a High Threshold
Retail Services with a High Range
Retail Services Serving Downtown Workers
Producer Services

19. High Land Costs in the CBD
Intensive Land Use
Skyscrapers

20. Activities Excluded from the CBD
Declining Manufacturing in the CBD
Lack of Residents in the CBD

21. European CBDs

22. Suburbanization of Businesses
Suburbanization of Retailing
Suburbanization of Factories and Offices