1. Aftermath of World War I

2. Targets 1. Analyze Wilson’s 14 point plan
2. Critique the effectiveness of the Treaty of Versailles
3. Evaluate the legacy of World War I

3. Wilson’s 14 Point Plan
1. Nations should only engage in open covenants (agreements) openly arrived at. There should be no secret treaties among nations
Alliance Systems
2. Freedom of the seas should be maintained for all.
Militarism

4. Wilson’s 14 Point Plan
3. Tariffs and other economic barriers among nations should be lowered or abolished in order to foster free trade
Nationalism
4. Arms should be reduced “to the lowest point consistent with domestic safety” in order to lessen militaristic impulses during diplomatic crises
Militarism

5. Wilson’s 14 Point Plan
5. Colonial policies should consider the interests of the colonial people as well as the interests of the imperialist powers
Imperialism
6-13 “National groups who claimed particular ethnic identify were to decide for themselves what nation they would belong to
Nationalism

6. Wilson’s 14 Point Plan 14. Formation of the League of Nations
Assassination of Franz Ferdinand

7. Europe’s Reaction? Allies Rejected Wilson’s Plan Why Anger
Make Germany Pay
Prevent further German aggression

8. The Treaty of Versailles
Palace of Versailles
The “Big Four”
U.S., Britain, France, Italy

9. Provisions of the Treaty
1. Established 9 new nations and shifted the boundaries of others
2. demilitarized Germany
No air force, most of navy, army = 100,000 men
3. Germany lost colonies
4. pay reparations (war damages)
33 billion
5. Germany signed War-guilt clause
Germany had to acknowledge that it was responsible for World War I (20 million deaths)

10. More Weaknesses of the Treaty
Humiliated Germany (War Guilt Clause)

11. Weaknesses of the Treaty
Reparations (33 billion)
Took away colonies so there is no way to pay
Huge debt
Leads to massive inflation

12. Even more Weaknesses Russia 1917 Russia had a revolution
Bolsheviks (communists)
Vladimir Lenin
Russia becomes Soviet Union
Dropped out of war
was not included in the Treaty

13. “That evil thing with the holy name.”
Senate’s Reaction
Rejected it
Why?
League of Nations
Henry Cabot Lodge
“That evil thing with the holy name.”

14. A New Look for Europe

15. Legacy of the War Domestic consequences
1. Accelerated America’s emergence as the greatest industrial power
2. Contributed to the movement of African Americans to the cities (Great Migration)
3. Anti-immigrant attitudes

16. Impact on Germany?
We never really let the Germans know who won the war. They are being told that their army was stabbed in the back, betrayed, that their army had not been defeated. The Germans never believed that they were beaten. It will have to be done all over again.
Americans didn’t care. They just wanted a “return to normalcy.”
John Pershing