1. Chapter 21
Section 4

2. Wilson’s Fourteen Points
Before the war was even over, President Wilson had a peace plan put together and it was called the Fourteen Points
1. No more treaty systems like the ones set up before the war.
Freedom of the seas
Lower tariffs to foster free trade
Arms reduction/ reduction of militaries
Rules for imperialism in which countries take into account the feelings of the peoples being controlled – their interests

3. Boundary changes and self-determination of ethnic/ national groups
Wilson’s points
Boundary changes and self-determination of ethnic/ national groups

4. (an international organization to guarantee world peace)
Wilson’s 14th point
The League of Nations
(an international organization to guarantee world peace)

5. Peace Conference in Paris
Wilson tried really hard to create a peace treaty that was fair, but the Allies were determined to punish Germany
Georges Clemenceau of France, David Lloyd George of Britain and Vittorio Orlando of Italy all disagreed with Wilson
The Big Four in Paris

6. Treaty of Versailles Demilitarization
Return of Alsonce-Lorraine to France
$33 billion in reparations
War guilt clause

7. Weaknesses which helped in lead to WWII
2. Ignored the sacrifices and desires of Russia
1. Humiliated Germany; set Germans against the treaty and very angry; set reparations that Germany couldn’t possibly pay; stripped them of the colonies they needed to pay reparations
3. Ignored the claims of colonized peoples for self-determination Example - Indochina

8. Other Treaties
Other treaties in Europe applied the principle of self-determination
Austria, Hungary, and Czechoslovakia all created their own separate countries out of the former Austria-Hungary empire
Serbs joined other Balkan groups and formed the new nation of Yugoslavia
Poland declared independence

9. Why was Henry Cabot Lodge against the treaty?
Suspicious of provision for a joint action against aggression; wanted the treaty to declare the constitutional right of Congress to declare war

10. How did Wilson help to bring about the Senate’s rejection of the treaty?
1. Chose an American delegation that failed to include enough Republicans and Senators
2. Refused to compromise with Lodge and others who opposed it

11. 1918 Flu Pandemic: Depletes All Armies
50,000,000 died
500,000,000 affected!

12. Labor Unrest and the Red Scare
The War Production Board had made sure that there was no work stoppage during the war, but now unions were ready for higher wages
Soldiers returning wanted jobs back
Factories needed to switch from war goods to consumer goods
At the same time many were watching Russia and their revolution
The “RED SCARE” resulted because people thought that Communism might be taking over in America with all of the labor strikes

13. Why did Germans turn to Adolf Hitler for leadership?
Misunderstandings about the reasons for Germany’s loss of the war
The harshness of the terms of the Treaty of Versailles
Desperate economic conditions