1. Chapter 10- The Muslim World
Global I
Mrs. Palmer

2. The Rise of Islam
Muhammad united people politically and through religion with Islam
As the world’s fastest growing major religion, Islam has had a strong impact on the world today.

3. Desert Life
Arabian peninsula is the crossroads of Asia, Africa and Europe
Trade routes- “caravans” bring goods to region and Silk Roads

4. Desert Life “Bedouins” are nomads organized into clans.
Provide safety in extreme desert conditions
Became fighting groups

5. Desert Life Mecca became important trade stop.
Ancient shrine attracted many pilgrims
Mixture of religions developed.

6. The Prophet Muhammad Born into the clan of a powerful Meccan family
Becomes orphaned- poor
Age 40- has a revelation or vision.

7. The Prophet Muhammad
Angel Gabriel proclaims him a prophet- the “last” prophet
Taught that “Allah” is the only god; all others must be abandoned.

8. The Prophet Muhammad Muslim means- “one who has submitted”
Islam means- “submission to the will of Allah”

9. Muhammad’s Early Teachings
He faced hostility in Mecca- people did not want to change religions
He settles in Yathrib, later called Medina
This migration is called the “Hijrah”

10. Muhammad Returns to Mecca
10,000 followers join him
He conquers the city; destroys idols, and calls the people to pray

11. Muhammad Returns to Mecca
Islam grows, many join a umma (Muslim religious community)
Muhammad dies 2 years later at 62

12. Beliefs of Islam Only one god-> Allah
There is good and evil; each person is responsible for his own action in life- final judgment day

13. Five Pillars of Islam
Faith-Must say that there is no god but Allah and that Muhammad is his messenger
Prayer- 5 times a day facing Mecca

14. Five Pillars of Islam Alms- Must give money to the poor
Fasting- during the holy month of Ramadan, Muslims do not eat from sun-up to sunset.

15. Five Pillars of Islam
Pilgrimage- All Muslims must perform the hajj, or pilgrimage to Mecca, at least once in their lifetime.

16. Other Important Terms
Sunna-Muhammad’s life should be used as an example of how to live
Shariah-System of law that regulates daily life

17. Similarity to Judaism and Christianity
Muslims believe that Allah is the same god as Yahweh.
Muslims see Jesus as a prophet, not the “Son of God”
Muhammad is the “chosen messenger”

18. After Muhammad’s Death
The “Rightly Guided Caliphs” rule with the Quran as their guide
Quran is the holy book of Islam. It consists of the writings and teachings of Muhammad

19. After Muhammad’s Death
The Umayyads rule with a hereditary system of succession for leaders
Muslims divide into groups—Sunni, Shi’a and Sufi

20. After Muhammad’s Death
The Abbasids overthrow the Umayyads
They move the capital to Baghdad
They establish a bureaucratic government and trade network

21. Muslim Achievements
Calligraphy- beautiful handwriting which allowed artists to express themselves
Muslims were not allowed to draw divine beings

22. Muslim Achievements
Arabic writing- Scholars translated works of Greeks, Romans, etc into Arabic.
This spread knowledge
Ibn Khaldun- Historian

23. Muslim Achievements Medicine- wrote important medical reference books.
Math-developed algebra and trigonometry in astronomy

24. Muslim Achievements Astronomy- used astrolab, charted stars, etc.
Produced book on optics which helped develop telescope

25. Muslim Achievements Literature and the Arts
Poetry- “The Arabian Nights”
Quran is considered the greatest work of Arabic literature

26. What were Muhammad’s revelations?
Why were his beliefs unpopular in Mecca?
In what ways was the Hijrah a turning point?
Why was his return to Mecca important?
What does Islam teach its followers?
How does carrying out the laws of Islam effect the lives of Muslims? Create unity?
What are Muslim attitudes towards Christians?