1. Describing Motion
Newton’s Laws

2. First we need to define the word FORCE:
The cause of motion (what causes objects to move)
Two types of forces
Pushes
Pulls

3. Forces are measured in Newtons
SI unit of force
Symbol: N
Measured by using a spring scale

4. Forces may be balanced or unbalanced
Balanced forces – all forces acting on an object are equal
There is NO MOTION
Unbalanced forces – one or more forces acting on an object are stronger than others
There is MOTION
A NET FORCE

5. Unbalanced forces
When two forces work in the same direction the forces are added together
When two forces work in opposite directions it adds together as a positive and negative number

6. If one force is greater than the other, the overall force is in the direction of the greater force
The net force is the overall force acted on an object after all the forces have been added together

7. An unbalanced force is the result of a net force An unbalanced force acting on an object will change the object’s motion (or cause it to accelerate)

8. Newton’s Laws First Law – Inertia
Second Law – Acceleration, Force & Mass
Third Law – Action-Reaction

9. First Law
Inertia
An object at rest [not moving] remains at rest unless acted on by a force [push or pull]
An object in motion remains in motion unless acted on by a force [push or pull]

10. First Law Inertia & Mass Mass is the amount of matter in an object
The more MASS an object has, the more INERTIA the object has.
Bigger objects are harder to start & stop

11. Second Law Acceleration & Mass Definitions
Acceleration is a change in velocity [speed or direction]
Mass is the amount of matter in an object

12. Second Law F = ma Acceleration & Force Acceleration & Mass
The more force placed on an object, the more it will accelerate [change its motion]
Acceleration & Mass
The more mass [or inertia] an object has, the more force it takes to accelerate the object

13. Third Law Action – Reaction
Forces are always produced in pairs with opposite directions & equal strengths
For every force there is an equal and opposite force

14. The truck is in motion. What is the force that causes it to stop?
The push of the stopped car.
The car is at rest. What is the force that causes it to move?
The push of the truck.

15. What about the ladder on top of the truck?
The ladder is in motion because the truck is in motion.
When the truck stops, the ladder stays in motion.
The truck is stopped by the force of the car, but the ladder is not.
What force stops the ladder?
Gravity.

16. The truck is in motion, the car is at rest
The truck is in motion, the car is at rest. How do each of these vehicles accelerate?
The truck stops moving. The car starts moving.
Which one will be the hardest to accelerate?
The truck because it has the most mass.

17. Why does the car move [accelerate] when it is hit by the truck?
The heavy and moving truck has more force than the small, at rest car.
Why does the truck stop moving when it hits the car?
The force of the car pushing back on the truck, plus the force of friction between the massive truck and the road slow down, the stop the truck.

18. The truck hits the car. An action force stops the truck.
What is the equal and opposite reaction force?
The force that pushes the car forward.