1. Chapter 13
The South

2. Growth of the Cotton Industry
Cotton was not a profitable crop – hard to take seeds out
By 1790’s high demand for American cotton
Cotton Gin: Eli Whitney – 1793 – a machine that removes seeds from cotton

3. The Cotton Boom
Cotton gin revolutionized industry – Planters: large-scale farmers who held more than 20 slaves – southern planters abandon other crops – “cotton belt”
“Cotton is King!”
Growing cotton requires large labor force – planters begin to use more slaves
Industry was small compared to North – southern investors put money into land

4. Other Industries
Cash Crops- Corn, Rice, Sweet Potatoes, Wheat, Sugarcane
Cotton Mills to process cotton sprung up in the south
1840s- 14 cotton mills
1850s- over 50 cotton mills

5. Southern Society Only about 1/3 of white southern families had slaves
Planters were wealthiest and politically powerful
Most white southerners were Yeomen: owners of small farms
Poorest white southerners worked odd jobs for money

6. Religion, Society, and Urban Life
Most families saw each other at church events, revivals, and socials
Largest, most important cities were located on the Atlantic and Gulf coasts
Charleston, South Carolina
Savannah, Georgia
New Orleans, Louisiana

7. Free African Americans
Most free African Americans lived in countryside and worked as day laborers
Constant discrimination from white southerners – laws limited rights
White southerners believed free African Americans did not have ability to take care of themselves

8. The Slave System Worked in fields and homes
Some slaves had skilled jobs – carpentry and blacksmithing
Slaves were bought and sold – families separated
Property
Poor living conditions, simple clothes, small food rations

9. Slave Culture
Some slave owners treated slaves well, however many used harsh punishments
Slave Codes: laws to control slave actions
Kept heritage alive with folktales: stories with a moral
Religion was important – spirituals: emotional Christian songs that blended African and European music

10. Wade in the Water
Wade in the water (children) Wade in the water Wade in the water God's gonna trouble the water If you don't believe I've been redeemed God's gonna trouble the water I want you to follow him on down to Jordan stream (I said) My God's gonna trouble the water You know chilly water is dark and cold (I know my) God's gonna trouble the water You know it chills my body but not my soul (I said my) God's gonna trouble the water

11. Slave Uprisings
Slaves did rebel against system by working slower or running away
Revolts were rare, but owners feared them
Nat Turner: 1831 – a slave who believed God told him to end slavery – killed 60 white men, women, and children
Southern states pass harsher slave codes