1. Chapter 12
Section 1

2. Focus Question
What is propaganda?

3. Constitution and Federalism
Federal System of Government
Constitution Protects the states
No state can be divided
States can maintain a militia
States can not
Make treaties with nations
Declare war
Make their own money
Take away civil liberties or rights

4. State and Federal power
Reserved Powers
Reserved to the states
Divorce, marriage, education
Public health, safety, daily government
Federal Supremacy
Concurrent Powers
Taxes
State vs. Federal Government
Federal Government comes first
State Government has to follow the federal governments laws

5. Governmental cooperation
Government Cooperation
Good relations between the two governments
Grant In Aid
Gives money to the states to fund a program
States must fund some of their own money
Follow the federal governments laws
Article IV
Cooperation between all states
Each state must have a republic form of government
Election polls for federal government

6. State Constitution Each state constitution is different
Each state has three branches of government
States make laws that affect the people residing in the states
Establish independent state agencies
State constitution is the highest form of government within the states
States can pass their own laws and amendments

7. Section 2

8. What are reserved powers?
Focus Question
What are reserved powers?

9. Makeup of Legislature Can vary in size
New Hampshire 400
Nebraska 49
49 States have bicameral legislature
1 state has unicameral legislature
Qualifications and terms are based on state specifications
House has to be at least 18
Senate usually have to be 30

10. State Legislature Function
Operates like the federal legislature
House (lower house)
Senate (upper house)
Has various committees
Education, health care, environmental
Review and pass bills
What bills they pass have to go on to be reviewed
Apportionment
Take a census every 4 years
Divides states into districts

11. Problems States Face States are designed to:
Protect Environment
Reduce crime
Protect the public
Regulate business
Set and maintain budgets
States have strict budgets
Should not be spending more than they are taking in.
Receive grants

12. Section 3
Executive Branch

13. Does every state have a bicameral legislature?
Focus Question
Does every state have a bicameral legislature?

14. Governor Qualifications Elections American Citizen 30 year Old
Resident of the state for 5 years
Most: college educated, political leaders, good at public speaking
Elections
Direct elections
Majority vote
Not an electoral college

15. Process of Running 1. Individual must gain nomination
2. Run in the election
4 year term
Can be impeached
Recall elections
Lieutenant governor
Is second in command of the state
Takes over if anything happens to the governor
Speaker of the house is third in line

16. Powers and Duties Head of the executive branch Other Privileges
Issues executive orders
Can suggest bills
Reject or pass bills
Line item veto
Veto specifics of a bill
Requires 2/3 vote
Other Privileges
Grants pardons
Commute
Parole
Franking privileges

17. Departments Cabinets Executive departments
Not all states have a cabinet
Executive departments
In charge of ONE issue
Justice
Agriculture
Healthcare
Education
Public works
Welfare board

18. Section 4
Judicial Branch

19. Who is the leader of the state executive branch?
Focus Question
Who is the leader of the state executive branch?

20. Lower Courts Federal courts handle only a small portion of cases
Most court cases are heard by the states
Interpret and apply the laws
Organized similar to federal courts
Organized into 3 tiers
1. justice courts
2. Magistrate courts
3. Higher courts
Court of appeals
Supreme court

21. Courts Justice Courts Magistrate Courts Higher Courts
Hears only minor cases
misdemeanor
No Jury
Only a Judge rules
Magistrate Courts
Civil cases
Less than $1000
Divided by area
Higher Courts
General Trial Courts
Felonies
Murder, rape, armed robbery, arson
Judge, Jury, Lawyers
Court of appeals
Supreme court

22. Selection of Judges Multiple ways to select judges Characteristics
Popular Vote
State Legislative
Appointment
Missouri Plan
Popular vote and appointment
Characteristics
6-12 year terms
Can be impeached
Can be suspended, removed, demoted

23. Focus Question
What is the difference between a weak mayor system and a strong mayor system.

24. Quiz What are concurrent powers, give an example of one?
What is Grant in Aide?
What are reserved powers, give an example of one?
What is the difference between a bicameral and unicameral legislature?
States are designed to do 5 things, list three of them?
What are the qualification to run for Governor?
What are the three levels of state courts?
What are the 4 ways state justices can be chosen?
List one way the state and federal judicial branch are similar and different from one another
List one way the state and federal executive branch are similar and different from one another
List one way the state and federal legislative branch are similar and different from one another