1. 2018 G2G INNOVATION SEMINAR, PRIDEINN PARADISE
APPLICATION OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENT SYSTEM IN GUIDING EMPLOYEE BEHAVIOUR
Paper by:
Simon Theuri- Security & Integrity,
Florence Oginda- Human Resource
Dianah Mwangi - Security & Integrity
Paul W. Mutua- Research & Development
2018 G2G INNOVATION SEMINAR, PRIDEINN PARADISE
18TH JUNE - 22ND JUNE 2018

2. Simon Theuri, S.P. (Rtd) Florence Oginda Dianah Mwangi Paul Mutua
Simon Theuri, S.P. (Rtd)
Florence Oginda
Dianah Mwangi
Paul Mutua
Assistant Manager, Security & Integrity
Chief Human Resource Officer
Ethics Chief Officer
Chief Engineer, R&D
He is a Psychologist with a Bachelor of Psychology degree from the University of Nairobi
MBA (UoN), Bed (Baraton Uni.),
Has broad knowledge in training & management of education and administration systems
Ethics Compliance Specialist. She holds a Masters Degree in Research from the University of Nairobi.
BSc. & MSc. Electrical & Electronic Engineering from the University of Nairobi, (1988) & (2015) respectively.

3. Presentation Outline Introduction The Problem Methodology Results
Conclusion
Recommendations

4. Introduction: - What is it about?
It is about operationalizing KenGen’s Code of Conduct and Ethics.
In order to prevent financial loss and enhance the standard of integrity in all business processes, KenGen reviewed the code of conduct and Ethics in year 2016.

5. Employee behaviour affecting work performance
Bad / Inappropriate
Behaviour
Wrong decisions
Low efficiency
in Planning works
Poor work Performance

6. Cont: Employee behaviour affecting work performance
Right
Behaviour
Right decisions
High efficiency
in Planning works
High work Productivity

7. Code of Conduct – The employee Right Behaviour Guide
Organizational performance is significantly affected by the productivity of its employees.
The Code of Conduct plays the role of guiding employee’s behaviour.
human nature- Limitation in comprehending instructions/code of conduct

8. It is not easy to make Right Decisions Right First Time
The Problem
Limited assistance in comprehending KenGen’s code of conduct
Source: The forum for African business leaders – Abidjan March 2016
It is not easy to make Right Decisions Right First Time

9. - What is the objective?
The main objective of this project is to reemphasise the code of conduct and ethics in KenGen through application of an artificial intelligent system.
Specific Objectives:
To create accessibility of ethical decision making in computer platform.
To increase speed of ethical decision making.
To minimise instances of inadvertent breach of the code of conduct.

10. METHODOLGY: Identification of Ethical Dilemmas in KenGen Code of conduct

11. Cont. METHODOLOGY: Measurement of Ethical Dilemmas
Conscience is moral sense that assists a person in distinguishing right from wrong.
Ethics in an organization is equivalent to Conscience in a person.
KenGen ethical dilemmas have a degree of rightness and wrongness e.g. Should I evaluate tender for a bidder who is my cousin, in law, former classmate, former employee etc or not?

12. Cont. Methodology: identification of appropriate Artificial Intelligence software
Fuzzy logic software is most appropriate due to its simplicity and ability to generalize all the KenGen ethical dilemmas.
The basic concept underlying fuzzy logic is that of a linguistic variable, whose values are words, such as large, small, right, wrong, medium etc, rather than numbers.

13. Cont. METHODOLOGY: Using Fuzzy logic software
A Fuzzy rule is a conditional statement, based on expert knowledge expressed in the form of fuzzy equation:
IF x is A and /or y is B THEN z is C
IF x (something or situation – e.g. GIFT to employee) is A (level or physical condition of the item or situation – given by a BIDDER) and/or y (something else or situation – VALUE of the gift) is B (level or physical condition of the another item or situation – HIGH) , THEN z (expected item or outcome condition – EMPLOYEE’S perception or deduction) is C (level or physical condition of the expected item or situation – it is VERY WRONG to accept).

14. Cont. METHODOLOGY: Fuzzy logic control process – maths engine

15. RESULTS: Category and Generalization of Ethical Dilemmas
The workplace ethical dilemmas that employees face were put in these categories:
Receiving of gifts,
Employment Conflicts
Procurement processes
Political Associations
Sexual advances
The outcome [Fuzzy Logic output] of each category of ethical dilemmas is in percentage (%) of wrongness [ranging from 0% to 100%].

16. Illegal Material (Jewelry, Precious metal, Ivory, etc) THEN IT IS
Cont. Results: Ethical Dilemma in relation to workplace gift offers – Configuring the Fuzzy Logic
The employee is given a gift by either a (a) friend, or a (b) tenderer [bidder bidding to supply], or a (c) contractor [firm or person already contracted by the employer]. 
And value of the gift is either (1) low, or (2) high, or is made from (3) illegal material.
AND the gift IS of
IF the gift giver IS a
Low value, THEN IT IS
High Value, THEN IT IS
Illegal Material (Jewelry, Precious metal, Ivory, etc) THEN IT IS
Friend
very right
right
very wrong
Tenderer (Bidder)
wrong
Contractor

17. Cont. Results: Ethical dilemma in Employment Conflicts
The employee works for either his/her (a) employer, or his/her (b) private works, or the employer’s business (c) competitor.
And the duration he/she is committed to the work is either (1) low, or (2) medium, or (3) high.
AND duration committed to the work IS
IF the employee works for his/her
Low, THEN IT IS
Medium, THEN IT IS
High, THEN IT IS
Employer
Very wrong
wrong
right
Private works
very wrong
Employer Competitor

18. Cont. Results: Ethical dilemma in Procurement Process
An employee is appointed to evaluate a bid (tender) or manage a contract, submitted or being executed by either his/her (a) relative, or his/her (b) owned firm, or (c) other supplier.
And the expected (estimated) financial or quality value of the bid is either (1) low, or (2) medium, or (3) high.
AND estimated bid value IS
IF the bid (tender) is submitted by
Low,
THEN IT IS
Medium,
High,
Relative
wrong
Very wrong
Own firm
very wrong
Other supplier
very right

19. Cont. Results: Ethical Dilemma in relation to Political Association
Employee is either a) a member of a political party or b) an official of a party or c) a sponsor of political activities. And is declaring his/her political affiliations in either (1) public or (2) workplace, or (3) private
is declaring his/her political affiliations in
IF Employee is
Public THEN IT IS
Workplace THEN IT IS
private, THEN IT IS
member of a political party
Wrong
Very wrong
Right
an official of a party
a sponsor of political activities
wrong

20. AND Frequency of the sexual advances IS
Cont. Results: Ethical Dilemma in relation to workplace Sexual Advances
Sexual advances by fellow employee of opposite sex who is of either (a) Higher job level, or (b) Same job level, or (c) lower job level. And frequency of the sexual advances is either (1) low, or (2) average, or (3) high.
AND Frequency of the sexual advances IS
IF employee IS OF
Low, THEN IT IS
Medium, THEN IT IS
High, THEN IT IS
lower Job level
right
wrong
very wrong
Same job level
Higher Job level

21. Cont. Results: Screenshots- 1st & 2nd inputs and output membership graphs

22. Cont. Results: System simulation – computer screenshot (MATLAB Simulink diagram)

23. Cont. Results: – Screenshot- example – dilemma in Receiving a Gift– simulation diagram

24. Cont. Results: MATLAB Simulink – System simulation – results - numbers

25. Cont. Results: System simulation – Fuzzy logic Output in graphical format

26. Cont. Results: Output- advice to employee on appropriate Action
Conflict of interest – employment works
Fuzzy Output
Percentage wrongness [%]
Recommended Appropriate Action 1
Right
[0 -30]
Maintain low commitment to private works and maintain high level commitment to KenGen work 2
Wrong
[> ]
Refrain from over engagement with external works and consider giving full attention to your employer 3
Very wrong
[> ]
Resign from KenGen
Conflict of interest - procurement processes
Fuzzy Output
Percentage wrongness [%]
Recommended Appropriate Action 1
Right
[0 -30]
Maintain avoidance of evaluating and managing contracts from relatives and your private firms. 2
Wrong
[> ]
Declare conflict of interest and disqualify yourself from participating 3
Very wrong
[> ]
Withdraw your tender document and disqualify yourself from participating in that process.

27. Cont. Results: Output- advice to employee on appropriate Action
Receiving Gift
Fuzzy Output
Percentage wrongness [%]
Recommended Appropriate Action 1
Right
(0 - 30]
Accept the gift 2
Wrong
[>30 -70]
Declare the gift to Security & Integrity officer 3
Very wrong
[>70-100] 
Declare the gift to security & integrity officer. Return the gift to the giver as directed by S & I officer
Political Association
Fuzzy Output
Percentage wrongness [%]
Recommended Appropriate Action 1
Right
[0 -20]
Remain private to political association 2
Wrong
[> ]
Desist from sponsorship of political activities and declaration of political affiliations in public 3
Very wrong
[> ]
Resign from being an official of political parties or resign from the Company. Avoid discussion of your political affiliations at the workplace.

28. Conclusion
It is possible to configure ETHICAL DILEMMAS in an Artificial Intelligent System.
Fuzzy Logic Inference Subsystem is one the most convenient Artificial Intelligent System in guiding decision making for appropriate action when faced with an Ethical Dilemma.
Input to the Fuzzy Logic system is personal perception of the approximate degree (or number within the input range) of the physical condition.
Results by the system are instant giving the degree (or percentage) of the WRONGNESS of the Ethical situation.

29. Recommendations –
It is recommended that the Company management consider and approve installation of this tool in the Intranet Platform for use by all employees.
It is also recommended this Artificial Intelligent system be fine-tuned to reflect the actual ethical situation in the Company’s work place.
The input to Fuzzy Logic system may be improved to be more user-friendly.
It is also recommended that the output of the Fuzzy Logic system be linked to an audio and text adviser - on the next most appropriate course of action.

30. We are GRATEFUL