1. The “Other” Parts of Munter: Those we have not focused on.
Lecture 8

2. “Other” subjects Email Active/Passive voice Headings and Subheadings
Editing (修改)
Commas(,) and quotation marks (“xxx”)

3. Email Email skills ESSENTIAL Know how formal to be
Be clear and efficient
Use skills we have talked about before even for short s
Do as others in your company do
Always be polite

4. Bad Business Emails Don’t show reader proper respect Are not clear
Use poor English
Say things they should not
Destroy your credibility (信用度)

6. Good Business Emails Make the point clear Leave reader without doubts
Use proper English
Do not contain extra information
Do as others in your company do

8. Always Be Polite (emails)
Think of how your words might be misunderstood (jokes etc.)
Use words like
-please, thanks
Consider offering limited emotional support
-I know you have been working hard recently, but…..

9. Active/Passive Voice Passive Voice:
“The report was completed yesterday.”
“The report was completed yesterday by me.”
“A mistake was made.”
Active Voice:
“I completed the report yesterday.”
“I made a mistake.”

10. Passive Voice Used to: -avoid responsibility -transition
-when responsibility is unclear
Frequent Problems:
-more difficult to read
-less clear

11. Active Voice Uses: -make writing more engaging
-make writing less formal
-makes responsibility clear
-saves time and energy
Possible problems:
-not always important to know who did what…
-sometimes formality is important

12. Headings and Subheadings
For reports/proposals
To help organize info
When reader might just read parts
When frequent reviews are needed
Should be clear and consistent

14. Editing (修改) Focus on writing first Edit for: - audience - credibility
- organization
- proper English
- ease of reading
- efficiency of content
Don’t forget anything we have talked about.

15. It helps too… Revise several times
-looking for different problems each time
Ask others for opinions
Wait a while before editing
Be well-organized to begin with

16. Commas Commas create a pause and often prevent misunderstanding.
To put two sentences together (connected by and, or, yet, not, but, so, however…):
- I don’t like computers, but he likes them.
2) For somewhat extra information:
- Jerry, the oldest brother, is there now.

17. Commas 3) To introduce people
- Mr. Miller, our company secretary, is here.
4) For a list
-I like grapes, pumpkin pie, barbequed chicken, and hamburgers.
5) For information that creates context (especially when followed by a noun)
Furthermore, I don’t have time.

18. Quotation Marks To quote from a book, person, etc.:
-In reply, he said, “I don’t eat meat.”
To emphasize special meaning of a word:
-It always seems like she is too “busy” to help.
-Five hundred years ago we “knew” that dragons existed.

19. For more info.
For more info. (information):
Munter: Appendix (附录) D