1. Obstacle avoidance during human walking: effects of biomechanical constraints on performance1 
Hubertus J van Hedel, MSc, Volker Dietz, FRCP 
Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 
Volume 85, Issue 6, Pages (June 2004)
DOI: /j.apmr

2. Fig 1
Experimental setup. (A) Subject walking on the treadmill and stepping over the moving obstacle. (B) Schematic drawing of the timing of all events during 1 step over the obstacle. Abbreviations: HS, heel strike before HS1 and after HS2 stepping over the obstacle; TO, toe off before TO1 and after TO2 stepping over the obstacle.
Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation  , DOI: ( /j.apmr )

3. Fig 2
Orthoses applied in this study. (A) AFOs in 2 sizes and knee-fixating cast. Small AFO: a=24cm; b=27cm; and c=8cm. Large AFO: a=21cm; b=36cm; c=10cm. (B) The AFO was worn inside the shoe. (C) The knee-fixating cast (53cm long) was fixed with 4 straps, with an addition of a bandage (latter was not shown).
Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation  , DOI: ( /j.apmr )

4. Fig 3
Course of biceps femoris electromyographic activity during the 3 successive runs. Biceps femoris electromyographic activity of 1 subject (KAFO group) during the 3 runs. (A) run 1, (B) run 2, and (C) run 3. During run 3, ankle- and knee-joint orthoses were attached to the left leg. (a) Course of biceps femoris RMS calculated for 50 steps over the obstacle with fitted learning curve (power function). Biceps femoris electromyographic activity at the (b) first and (c) last step over the obstacle between toe off before (TO1) and after (TO2) stepping over the obstacle. Abbreviation: rlog-log, correlation coefficient calculated in a log-log coordinate system.
Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation  , DOI: ( /j.apmr )

5. Fig 4
Foot clearance during successive runs. Foot clearance of 1 subject (AFO group) during the 3 runs. (A) run 1, (B) run 2, and (C) run 3, where the subject had an AFO on the left leg. (a) Course of foot clearance calculated for 50 steps over the obstacle, with fitted learning curve (power function). (b) Mean foot clearance of the first 4 and last 4 steps over the obstacle.
Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation  , DOI: ( /j.apmr )

6. Fig 5
Slopes of performance for all 3 groups. Linear adaptive slopes averaged over all measures per run and condition. The slopes are proportional to the mean correlation coefficients. The steps between the runs are proportional to the mean training and transfer values, respectively. ∗P<.05; ∗∗P<.01.
Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation  , DOI: ( /j.apmr )