1. Biological actions of curcumin on articular chondrocytes
Y. Henrotin, A.L. Clutterbuck, D. Allaway, E.M. Lodwig, P. Harris, M. Mathy-Hartert, M. Shakibaei, A. Mobasheri 
Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 
Volume 18, Issue 2, Pages (February 2010)
DOI: /j.joca
Copyright © 2009 Osteoarthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions

2. Fig. 1
The chemical structure of curcumin. Chemical names: diferuloylmethane or 1,7-bis (4′-hydroxy-3′-methoxyphenyl)-1,6-heptadiene-3,5-dione.
Osteoarthritis and Cartilage  , DOI: ( /j.joca )
Copyright © 2009 Osteoarthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions

3. Fig. 2
The curcumin/AP-1/NF-κB axis in inflammatory cell signalling responses in joint cells. This schematic illustrates the potential sites of action of curcumin in the NF-κB signalling pathway in a typical joint cell. Curcumin (C) can prevent IκBα phosphorylation, as well as preventing the translocation of active NF-κB into the nucleus, thereby preventing it from activating gene expression of MMPs, stimulators of MMP synthesis (cytokines), inflammatory mediators (cytokines and COX-2) and apoptotic executioners (caspase-3).
Osteoarthritis and Cartilage  , DOI: ( /j.joca )
Copyright © 2009 Osteoarthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions