1. 2.2 Physical Properties Key Concepts
What are some examples of physical properties?
How can knowing the physical properties of matter be useful?
What processes are used to separate mixtures?

2. Examples of Physical Properties
A physical property is any characteristic of a material that can be observed or measured ______________ ________________ the composition of the substances in the material.
without
changing
Viscosity, conductivity, malleability, hardness, melting point, boiling point, and density are examples of physical properties.

3. Examples of Physical Properties
Viscosity
The tendency of a liquid to ________ from flowing is called its viscosity.
___________ liquids, such as corn syrup and honey, have a high viscosity.
Thin liquids, such as vinegar and water, have a ________ viscosity.
resist
Thick
low

4. Examples of Physical Properties
Conductivity
A material’s ability to allow ___________ to flow is called conductivity.
Materials that have a high conductivity, such as _____________, are called conductors.
Good conductors of heat are usually
also good conductors of ______________
heat
metals
electricity

5. Examples of Physical Properties
Malleability
The ability of a solid to be __________________ without shattering is malleability.
Most metals, such as _______________, are malleable.
An ice cube or piece of glass breaks into small pieces when struck with a hammer. Solids that _______________ when struck are __________________, not malleable.
hammered
gold
shatter
brittle

6. Examples of Physical Properties
Hardness
One material can __________________ another material if it is harder than the other material.
A kitchen knife can scratch a copper sheet because ___________ ______________ is harder than copper.
The material used to sharpen the knife blade must be harder than stainless steel.
________________ is the hardest known material.
scratch
stainless
steel
Diamond

7. Examples of Physical Properties
Melting and Boiling Points
The temperature at which a material changes ___________ is a physical property.
The temperature at which a substance changes from solid to liquid is its _________________ point.
When ice ( frozen H2O) melts, does composition
change?
The temperature at which a substance changes from liquid to gas is its _______________________ point
When liquid water (H2O) boils, does composition
state
melting
No…it’s liquid water (H2O)
boiling
No…it’s water vapor (H2O)

8. Examples of Physical Properties
Density
The ratio of the ___________ of a substance to its __________ is its density.
Less dense fluids will __________ on more
dense fluids as long as they don’t mix
mass
volume
float

9. Using Physical Properties
Physical properties are used to _______________ a material, to _________________ a material for a specific purpose, or to _______________ the substances in a mixture.
identify
choose
separate
Ex: We choose to use _____________ shoelaces for hiking boots because it is a flexible yet durable material
leather

10. Using Properties to Separate Mixtures
Physical properties are also used to ________________ mixtures
separate
Filtration and distillation are two common separation methods.

11. Using Properties to Separate Mixtures
Filtration
Filtration is a process that separates materials based on the ____________ of their particles.
Ex: You can separate hot tea from loose tea leaves by pouring the mixture through a ______________....or brewed coffee is separated from the grounds with a piece of filter __________________.
size
strainer
paper

12. Using Properties to Separate Mixtures
Distillation
Distillation is a process that separates the substances in a solution based on their ________________ points.
We can use distillation to separate…
_________________ from fresh or tap water
________________ from sea water
boiling
impurities
salt

13. What is the point of the condenser tube?
To cool the vapor back down into liquid
Where are the impurities trapped?

14. Recognizing Physical Changes
During a physical change, the ________ and ____________ of a material can change but not the composition.
Some examples include
melting butter in a pan
crumpling a piece of paper
slicing a tomato
Boiling water
shape
size

15. Recognizing Physical Changes
Some but not all physical changes can be reversed. Braiding hair is a _______________ change. Cutting hair _____________ be reversed.
reversible
cannot

16. Which of the following is NOT a physical property?
Assessment Questions
Which of the following is NOT a physical property?
density
boiling point
flammability
conductivity

17. Which of these materials is not malleable?
Assessment Questions
Which of these materials is not malleable?
copper
aluminum
glass
gold

18. Assessment Questions
3. The process of filtration uses the difference in boiling points of substances to separate a mixture. True False
- distillation