1. WWI and the Great Depression
SS8H8 Analyze Georgia’s participation in the important events that occurred from WWI through the Great Depression.

2. World War I

3. Causes of the World War i
"The Great War was without precedent ... never had so many nations taken up arms at a single time. Never had the battlefield been so vast…never had the fighting been so gruesome..."

4. Main…
Use the MAIN Graphic Organizer to keep your notes

5. Causes of World War I
Militarism – building up armed forces, getting ready for war
Alliances – agreements or promises to defend and help another country
Imperialism – trying to build up an empire (powerful country that controls several less powerful countries)
Nationalism – having pride in your country, willing to defend it
After introducing the MAIN causes of WWI, have students go back and identify which political cartoon illustrates each concept.

6. Militarism
Countries had built strong armies and navies to defend their own countries and their colonies. Tensions built as countries watched each other build up military power.
Alliances
European countries had joined alliances to better protect themselves. If one member was attacked, the others were obligated to help that country.

7. Distributed Summarizing
With a seat partner, discuss a time in your life when an alliance (with a friend, family member, or someone else) has caused problems.

8. Imperialism
Rivalries developed as countries tried to grab colonies. Conflicts had occurred over control of colonies in Africa and Asia. European countries resented and distrusted each other. 8

9. Nationalism
Pride in one’s country; nations sought their own interests over others. Many groups wanted to be free from the control of other nations. 9

10. What sparked it all?

11. Then the dominos fell

12. The events that followed…
And so the war begins!
Germany declared war on France
Germany declared war on Russia
Russia sent troops to defend Serbia
Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia

13. Why does the United States enter the War?
Sinking of the Lusitania by German U-boat (1915)
Zimmermann telegram captured (1917)
Wilson asks Congress to declare war on Germany

14. Georgia’s Contributions
Close to 100,000 Georgians served in the armed forces during World War I
The increased demand for food and for ways to store it brought prosperity to Georgia farmers and boosted industry

15. Georgia’s Contributions
Commercial canning plants were built to process sweet potatoes and peaches
Image is not of Georgians, but illustrates the canning plants

16. Georgia’s Contributions
Meat packing plants opened in Moultrie, Atlanta, Augusta, and Savannah

17. Georgia’s Contributions
Camp Benning near Columbus, GA, opened in and trained infantry troops.
The training camp Camp Gordon in Chamblee, opened in 1918.

18. Georgia’s Contributions
Georgians housed prisoners of war for the U.S. government.
In 1917, a camp at Fort Oglethorpe in north Georgia, was built to hold German merchant seamen

19. Georgia’s Contributions
In 1918, they were moved to Fort McPherson near Atlanta
General Hospital No. 6 at Fort McPherson treated about 10,000 wounded soldiers from to 1919.

20. The Treaty of Versailles officially ended World War I.
The War is Over!
The Treaty of Versailles officially ended World War I.

21. Summarizing Strategy: 4-3-2-1
Identify or Describe 4 causes of World War I
Identify or Describe 3 contributions of Georgians during World War I
Identify or Describe 2 U.S. allies during WWI
Identify or Describe 1 effect World War I had on Georgia

22. Roaring 20’s and the Great Depression

23. Boom of the roaring 20’s
New inventions and buying on credit and margin makes life a little easier and more convenient in the 1920’s
New “convenient foods” were now being frozen and packaged
Many things were now delivered to you. (milk, butter, ice for the new ice box, even your doctor made house calls)
Electricity becomes readily available, as well as electric appliances like the radio. (which becomes extremely popular)
Gas ranges replaced coal and wood stoves so cooking becomes easier and quicker
The assembly line becomes a popular method for manufacturing

24. Georgia’s economic problems of the 1920’s
While the rest of the country was enjoying the boom of the 1920’s Georgia was suffering from a depression due to many factors:
Boll weevil- small long-snouted beetle that destroys cotton, (this was the primary cash crop for most Georgians)
Major Drought in ruins most of Georgia’s other crops
Banks fail and lose money- since many farmers could not pay back loans due to their crop losses, many banks and farm-related businesses close

25. Boll Weevil

26. Causes of the Great Depression
Behind most of the causes are the overindulgences of the 1920’s
People borrowed more money than they could afford to repay so…
Banks and businesses did not get repaid
Factories and farmers overproduced and sales slowed due to excess supplies

27. Causes Continued Crop prices declined due to overproduction
Surplus supplies caused new production to slow down which then lead companies to lay off workers (unemployment rises to 25%)
High tariffs prevent international trading to grow, other countries had trouble repaying WWI debts
Huge losses from stock market speculation and the crash of the market (“Black Tuesday”, Oct. 29, 1929)

28. Widespread Unemployment of the Great Depression

29. Banks Collapse Banks closed for many reasons:
Losses from lack of loan repayment
Bad investments in the stock market by bank executives
Too many depositors wanting their $ cashed out at the same time (called a “run” on the bank)
Millions still lost their savings
Banks Collapse

30. The Great Depression Causes Laissez- faire attitude,
the economy would work itself out
People borrowed more $ than they could repay
Factories over produced and could not sell the inventory
Run on the banks- everyone tried to withdraw their $
Businesses lost money and laid off workers
Causes
Market Crashes- people find out stocks are not worth what they are selling for
Farmers also overproduced = surplus crops and prices fell then farmers could not repay debts
High tariffs left foreign countries unable to sell to the US which prevented them from making $ to pay off war debt
Stock market speculation by people and banks that purchased stocks on margin

31. New Deal
Programs created by President Franklin D. Roosevelt to focus on “the three R’s” , Relieve the suffering of unemployment; Recovery of the economy to normal levels; and Reform of the financial system to prevent a repeat depression
Passed by Congress in the early days of Roosevelt’s presidency
First move was to close all banks and only reopen those that were found “sound” after an investigation (Emergency Banking Act)

32. New Deal
There were so many agencies that his administration became known as “government by alphabet”; i.e. CCC, AAA, and REA.
Many of the programs were later declared unconstitutional
Ultimately did not end the depression or end unemployment

33. Agricultural Adjustment Administration
Created to stabilize crop prices
Gave government money grants (subsidies) to farmer in exchange for letting their fields go unplanted
Hurt tenant farmers who did not own the land but worked it for an owner (no crop = no income)
(May 28) Appearing before the House Agricultural Committee today, Secretary of Agriculture Henry A. Wallace flatly endorsed the proposed Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1937

34. Civilian Conservation Corps
Most popular New Deal program
Provided jobs for young single men 18-25
Focused on Conservation and development projects like building trails and roads in parks, planting trees to reforest and control flooding, update forest fire fighting methods, and built a network of public roadways in remote areas
GA projects included Kennesaw National Battlefield, Tybee Island’s seawall, Macon’s and St. Simon’s airports, and facilities at FDR Park in Pine Mt.
Built by the CCC,
Pine Mountain, GA; FDR state park

35. Roosevelt and Rural Electrification Act
REA loaned money to farmer’s cooperatives to help them afford to extend power lines and buy wholesale power
This allowed farmers to now use electric farm equipment (i.e. water pumps, milking machines, lights, and appliances)
Idea born from Roosevelt’s stay in Warm Springs, GA. His electric bill for the cottage was more than that of his NY mansion.
Chickamauga Dam and powerhouse. One of the headquarters buildings of farmers' cooperatives which distribute Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) power.

36. Social Security
Created in 1935, as a System of retirement and unemployment insurance payments.
Designed to help relieve the suffering of the poor and unemployed
Originally most women and minorities were excluded from benefits
Today it serves as a social insurance assistance program for retirement, disability, survivorship, death, and social welfare programs