1. Classification and Taxonomy

2. Learning Goals I will be able to explain the purpose of taxonomy
I will be able to understand the 7 taxa levels and how to use them to show connections between organisms
I will be able to explain the 6 Kingdoms

3. Diversity of Life There are over 2.5 million identified species
Some biologists believe there may be 20 million more that have not been discovered
How can you possibly keep track of all of these?

4. Global Naming of Organisms
One of the biggest challenges is having different names for the same organism in different parts of the world
Modern naming is based on Greek and Latin words
Originally biologists used long names to describe the physical characteristics of the organism
Unfortunately not everyone used the same characteristics and many of these names were very long

5. Linnaeus
Linnaeus, a Swedish botanist, developed a system for naming organisms
Binomial Nomenclature is a system that gives each organism a two part scientific name
For Example: Red Maple = Acer rubrum

6. What’s in a name? The whole name is in Italics or underlined
The first name is the Genus name and the second name is the Species name
The Genus name is Capitalized the species name is not capitalized
The species name normally describes a characteristic of the species

7. Classifying Organisms
Once Linnaeus had come up with a system for naming organisms he started to group them
Organisms were put into groups based on similar characteristics
These groups are called Taxa and the science of naming and grouping is called Taxonomy

8. 8 Layer Classification System
Taxonomy uses a system of 7 levels of taxa
The organisms in each Taxon become more closely related as you move down the ladder
The Taxons in order of most general to most specific are: Domian, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus Species
Kids Play Catch Over Farmer Green’s Shack

11. Evolution of Classification Systems
Linnaeus’ original system was based on 2 main Kingdoms:
Kindom Animalia and Kingdom Plantae
Today we have a six kingdom system
Eubacteria
Archaebacteria
Protista
Fungi
Plantae
Animalia

12. What factors contribute to how organisms are classified?
Evolutionary connections
Homologous structures
Embryonic development

13. Eubacteria Unicellular Prokaryotic
Can be hetertrophic, autotrophic, or saprotrophic

14. Archae Unicellular Prokaryotic
Ancient bacteria, often extreme environments, often anaerobic
Heterotrophic only (no autotrophs)

15. Protista Unicellular & multicellular Eukaryotic
Animal-like, plant-like, fungi-like
Heterotrophic, autotrophic, saprotrophic

16. Fungi multicellular & eukaryotic
Cell wall made of chitin (animal material)
saprotrophic

17. Plantae multicellular & eukaryotic Cell wall made of cellulose
Autotrophic

18. Animalia multicellular & eukaryotic Heterotrophic
No wall cell (only cell membrane)

19. Activity
Creepy Critters Classify the organisms In each ziplock bag Justify your classification system

20. To Discuss…
What factors are most important when classifying organisms?
What benefits come from classifying organisms?
Did it make things easier when you had to classify the new species?

21. Your Exit Ticket Put your name on top of a lined sheet of paper
Answer the following questions to show your learning of todays goals:
What is taxonomy?
What are the 7 taxa?
What are the 6 kingdoms?
Why is taxonomy important in the study of biology?