1. External Structures and Function of the Human Brain

2. Cerebral Hemispheres STRUCTURE
-Largest part
-Paired divided into left and right hemispheres.
-Divided up into 4 main lobes.
Cerebral
Hemispheres
Cerebral cortex is part of the cerebrum, it’s the outer layer.
Cerebral cortex is gray matter, while the cerebrum is both gray and white matter.
Human cerebral cortex is made up of approximately 10 billion nerve cell bodies and their dendrites whereas the cerebrum has both cell bodies and nerve fibers.
FUNCTION -Carries out higher thought processes involved with language, learning, memory, and voluntary body movements

3. Cerebellum STRUCTURE -Means “little brain”
-Smaller structure under the base at the back of the brain 
Also divided into two hemispheres
Cerebellum
FUNCTION
-Responsible for balance and coordination 

4. Brain Stem STRUCTURE -Extends from the base of the brain
-Continues into the spinal cord, made up of the pons and medulla oblongata 
Brain Stem
FUNCTION
-Relays signals between the brain and spinal cord
- Helps control blood pressure, heart rate, and breathing rate

5. Lobes of the Brain

6. Frontal Lobe Frontal STRUCTURE
Most uniquely human of all the brain structures. Front of the brain.
FUNCTION
Conscious thought, behavior, emotion, planning, personality, organizing, problem solving.
Frontal

7. Prefrontal Cortex! (PFC)
This brain region has been implicated in planning complex cognitive behavior, personality expression, decision making, and moderating social behavior.
Cognitive = knowing
Frontal Eye Fields = Broodman’s area (voluntary eye movement)

8. Parietal Lobe STRUCTURE Middle top of the brain. FUNCTION
Integrations of sensory information from primary sensory areas , perception, arithmetic, spelling, manipulation of objects.

9. Temporal Lobe STRUCTURE Temple region. FUNCTION
Senses of smell and sound, as well as processing of complex stimuli like faces and scenes, memory, understanding language.

10. Occipital Lobe STRUCTURE Extreme back of the brain FUNCTION
Sense of sight
Occipital Lobe

11. Internal Structures and Function of the Human Brain

12. Corpus Callosum STRUCTURE
Beneath the cerebrum. About 10 cm long. Largest white matter structure.
FUNCTION
Allows for communication between the two cerebral hemispheres.
About 200 million axons!

13. Thalamus
STRUCTURE
Beneath the Corpus Callosum, near the center of the brain.
FUNCTION
Acts as a gateway/relay of sensory information to the cerebral cortex.

14. Hypothalamus STRUCTURE
Near the base of the cerebrum, below the thalamus.
FUNCTION
Connects the nervous system to the endocrine system. Communicates and directs the pituitary gland.

15. Pituitary Gland STRUCTURE A protrusion off of the hypothalamus.
FUNCTION
Part of the endocrine system. Responsible for regulation of other parts of the endocrine system as well as many of the body’s processes.

16. Hippocampus STRUCTURE In the temporal lobe, part of the limbic system
FUNCTION
Plays a role in the formation of new memories based upon experiences. Moves short term memories to long term memories.
Hippocampus – Greek
Hippos = horse
Kampos = sea monster
Limbic system  control functions necessary for self preservation and species preservation

17. Amygdala STRUCTURE In the temporal lobe, part of the limbic system
FUNCTION
Primary role in processing memory, storage of memories associated with emotions, and decision making
Amygdala – Latin and Greek
Almond

18. Amygdala = fear responses & pleasure
Hippocampus = turns information into memory