1. Long Term Causes of the Civil War
EXPANSION

2. NATIONALISM OF THE EARLY 1800S COMES TO AN END…
MANIFEST DESTINY = NATIONALISM BUT BECOMES SECTIONALISM AS THE ISSUE OF SLAVERY TAKES HOLD
AMERICAN RENAISSANCE (LITERATURE, NEWSPAPERS, MAGAZINES, AND SCHOLARS) FIRST NATIONALISM THEN SECTIONALISM
THOREAU, WHITMAN, DICKINSON, HAWTHORNE, IRVING, DOUGLASS,ETC
AMERICAN SCHOLARS WRITE ABOUT AMERICA … BECOME SOCIAL CRITICS … FIRST THE HYPOCRITICAL PURITANS … THEN THE MORAL CHOICES OF INDIVIDUALS … GOOD AND EVIL IN AMERICA … BRUTAL LIFE OF SLAVERY … MOST TAKE THE ABOLITION SIDE OF THE DEBATE …

3. =Sectionalism

4. States Rights 10th Amendment – State’s Rights
Nullification Remember the Alien & Sedition Act (Adams); Hartford Convention War of 1812
Tariff of Abominations and the Nullification Crisis (SC threatened to secede)
Now the idea of Nullification & secession is over SLAVERY

5. THE GREATEST THREAT TO EXPANSION WAS SLAVERY!!
North:
Industrial… favored Abolition
South:
Agrarian… King Cotton… pro-slavery
West:
takes on the idea of Popular Sovereignty… they would let the people decide!
THE GREATEST THREAT TO EXPANSION WAS SLAVERY!!
Slavery & Abolition

6. Slavery Tariffs NORTH: NO! SOUTH: YES! WEST: POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY
NORTH: YES!
SOUTH: NO!
WEST: YES… they usually sided with the North!

7. SOUTH: NO improvements
American System
NORTH: YES
SOUTH: NO improvements
WEST: YES
Industrial?
NORTH: YES!
SOUTH: NO!
WEST: NOT YET!

8. Agricultural? Popular Sovereignty NORTH: NO SOUTH: YES! WEST: YES!
SOUTH: NO!
WEST: YES!!!

9. Louisiana Territory divided at the 36*30’
Missouri Compromise
Maine = Free
Missouri = Slave
Louisiana Territory divided at the 36*30’
Above – Free
Below – Slave

10. WILMOT PROVISO 1846
OPENED THE ISSUE OF EXPANSION AND SLAVERY TO DEBATE …
THIS BILL WANTED NO SLAVERY IN THE NEW TERRITORIES GAINED FROM THE TREATY OF GUADALUPE HIDALGO (WAR WITH MEXICO)
DEFEATED … BUT IS THE BEGINNING OF THE END FOR THE NATIONAL PARTY SYSTEM OF THE TIME

11. Compromise of 1850 California enters as a FREE state
The rest of the Mexican Cession will base the slavery issue on POPULAR SOVRENIGNTY
Slave Trade is banned in Washington D.C.
The FUGITIVE SLAVE ACT was passed

13. “FEAR OF SLAVE POWER” changes the Northern perception by 1850

14. Many times slaves needed to get to Canada to be totally free.
Many early attempts at escaping slavery relied on luck. Harriet Tubman helped to set up a network of anti-slavery advocates who helped slaves escape… the Underground RR.
Many times slaves needed to get to Canada to be totally free.
Harriet
Tubman

15. Fugitive Slave Act
This act was a part of the Compromise of 1850… It allowed slave catchers to go into free areas and capture runaway slaves AND it made it a crime to help any runaway! Suspected slaves need not be given a trial or a chance to testify.
THE NORTH HATED THIS!!!
SECTIONALISM GROWS

16. BREAK DOWN OF THE NATIONAL PARTY SYSTEM
FIRST THE RELIGIOUS DENOMINATIONS SPLIT
NOW THE NATIONAL PARTY SYSTEM WILL SPLIT – ELECTION OF 1852
WHIGS = SCOTT OR FILLMORE
DEMOCRATS= CASS, DOUGLAS,
OR BUCHANAN
WINNER= FRANKLIN PIERCE (WHO?)

17. Short Term Causes of the Civil War… THE SPLIT CONTINUES
And there will be war!

18. Remember the Long Term Causes??
Nullification
Sectionalism
Missouri Compromise
Compromise of 1850
Fugitive Slave Act
Tariffs

19. Compromise of 1850 California enters the union as a FREE state
Slave Trade is abolished in Washington D.C.
Popular Sovereignty will decide the issue of slavery out west
The Fugitive Slave Law was passed

20. Harriet Beecher Stowe’s novel Uncle Tom’s Cabin was written to show the evils of slavery to the public, who she hoped to get to join her abolitionist movement. She sold over a million copies in 1852.
“Uncle Tom”
“Simon Legree”
“The little woman who wrote the book that started this great war” -A. Lincoln

21. Kansas Nebraska Act  Bleeding Kansas
1854: Popular Sovereignty was passed as law in 1850 as a compromise to determine slavery. Extremist on both sides (Pro & Anti-Slavery) RUSHED to populate the state with “voters”. Many of these extremist resorted to VIOLENCE… and we get Bleeding Kansas!!!
This will even lead to a fight in the Congress which becomes known as the Canning of Sumner.
Preston Brooks
beat
Charles Sumner
with a cane!!!

22. ONE OF THE GREATEST MISCALCULATIONS IN US HISTORY
KANSAS-NEBRASKA ACT BECOMES “BLEEDING KANSAS”
REPEALS THE MISSOURI COMPROMISE
IRRECONCIBLE SPLIT AMONG THE WHIGS AND MODERATE NORTHERN DEMOCRATS LOSE SEATS IN CONGRESS LEAVING ONLY THE EXTREME SOUTHERN DEMOCRATS …

23. LeCompton Constitution
2 Governments in Kansas
LeCompton Constitution was Pro-slavery thus Congress denied admission until Popular Sovereignty
People of Kansas rejected LeCompton
Admitted as a free state in 1861

24. ADD URBAN VIOLENCE
CONTINUED BREAKDOWN OF THE NATIONAL PARTY SYSTEM BY ADDING TO THE MIX THE ISSUE OF IMMIGRANTS AND CONTROL OF CITY POLITICS
IRISH JOIN THE DEMOCRATS AND MANY WHIGS BECOME NATIVISTS AND JOIN THE KNOW- NOTHING/AMERICAN PARTY LATER JOIN THE NEW REPUBLICANS

25. ADD VIOLENCE IN CONGRESS
Caning of Charles Sumner by Congressman Preston Brooks (defending the reputation of his uncle Senator Andrew Butler and SC)
“choosing the harlot, slavery as his mistress”

26. Election of 1856
Continued sectionalism and the national party system is pretty much history
Buchanan elected President = wins the South and just enough of the North … can not keep things from falling apart … he is too much of a southerner

27. The Ruling: Dred Scott v. Sanford
Dred Scott, a slave, is taken into a free state by his owner. Since he is in a free state, he sues for his freedom (based on the Missouri Comp.) BUT the Supreme Court says 
The Ruling:
Black people are not citizens
You can’t ban slavery… no right to interfere with property
The Missouri Compromise is Unconstitutional

28. Lincoln Douglass Debates
Slavery had come to dominate the differences in the parties. Anti-Slavery groups (Whigs, Democrats, and Free-Soilers) joined together to oppose the expansion of slavery where it did not already exist.
Lincoln Douglass Debates
Stephen Douglas (Dem) & Abraham Lincoln (Rep) were both running for Senate. During a debate over SLAVERY Douglas introduces the Freeport Doctrine. Douglas won the debates… but Lincoln gained fame!
Republican Party

30. John Brown’s Raid on Harpers Ferry
An extreme abolitionist, John Brown captured Harper’s Ferry military installation in VA. His goal… to arm the slaves! He was surrounded, forced to surrender, tried, found guilty, and hanged.
Abolitionists now have a martyr! Southerners think the North is out to control them!

31. Slavery divided the political parties
The Election of 1860
Lincoln (Republican): Wanted to stop the spread of slavery!
Douglas (Northern Democrat): Believed in Popular Sovereignty - let the people decide
Breckinridge (Southern Democrat): Pro-Slavery
Bell (Constitutional Union Party): Preserve the Constitution & the Union
Slavery divided the political parties
Lincoln promises to stop the spread of slavery… but leave the South alone.

32. LINCOLN WINS!
Amazingly… with ZERO electoral votes from the South… who didn’t want a Republican President who opposed slavery!!!
The Southern States secede…. Fearing a government where they have no voice… first South Carolina followed by 6 others.
These states form the Confederate States of America led by their own President, Jefferson Davis.